Chapter 15

Question 1

ABCDE Model

Answer 1

a model for understanding and recording the impact of cognitions on emotions, based on the three-step cognitive model (events lead to thoughts, which lead to feelings)

Question 2

acceptance

Answer 2

the ability to be mindful of one’s internal experiences

Question 3

acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)

Answer 3

facing one’s internal fears and committing to one’s personal values

Question 4

cognitive therapy

Answer 4

a well-established and commonly practiced approach that focuses on important mental processes, and tends to be brief, structured, and targeted

Question 5

activating event

Answer 5

a trigger that can cause irrational beliefs and negative emotions

Question 6

all-or-nothing thinking

Answer 6

Irrationally evaluating everything as either wonderful or terrible, with no middle ground or “gray area”

Question 7

automatic thoughts

Answer 7

thoughts that take place in an instant and without any deliberation

Question 8

Aaron Beck

Answer 8

the father of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and is one of the world’s leading researchers in psychopathology

Question 9

Judith Beck

Answer 9

daughter of Aaron Beck and leader of the current generation of cognitive therapists

Question 10

belief

Answer 10

a mental state or disposition that’s often associated with a particular response, such as an action or statement

Question 11

catastrophizing

Answer 11

Expecting the worst in the future, when, realistically, it’s unlikely to occur

Question 12

cognitions

Answer 12

thoughts, beliefs, interpretations, assumptions, etc.

Question 13

common thought distortions

Answer 13

a set of labels to apply to illogical thoughts in order to discredit them

Question 14

cognitive triad

Answer 14

Beck’s argument that three particular cognitions all contribute to our mental health: thoughts about the self, the world, and the future

Question 15

dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

Answer 15

the treatment of choice for borderline personality disorder (BPD) and others, particularly those that involve emotional dysregulation

Question 16

dispute

Answer 16

psychologists expressing differing opinions or arguments against a particular concept or idea.

Question 17

effective new belief

Answer 17

a rational belief that is created to counter irrational beliefs, or IBs, through disputation

Question 17

dysfunctional thought record

Answer 17

Beck’s written approach to increase the client’s logical thinking, typically including these headings:
brief description of event/situation
automatic thought
emotions
adaptive response
outcome

Question 18

Albert Ellis

Answer 18

psychologist most famous for developing rational emotive behavior therapy

Question 19

hypotheses

Answer 19

a theory subject to experimentation in order to support or refute the belief

Question 20

experiential avoidance

Answer 20

the act of avoiding particular internal experiences, the fundamental opposite of mindfulness

Question 20

emotional consequences

Answer 20

mental health symptoms, trauma-related beliefs, and difficulties regulating emotions

Question 21

homework

Answer 21

the client’s written or behavioral assignment to complete between therapy sessions

Question 22

Marsha Linehan

Answer 22

Developer of dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)
Core practices to DBT are:

Question 23

magnification/minimization

Answer 23

For negative events, “making a mountain out of a molehill”; for positive events, playing down their importance

Question 24

mental filtering

Answer 24

Ignoring positive events while focusing excessively on negative events

Question 25

metacognitive therapy

Answer 25

acts on the idea that the activating event can be a cognition itself, not solely an external occurrence

Question 26

mind reading

Answer 26

Presuming to know that others are thinking critically or disapprovingly, when knowing what they think is, in fact, impossible

Question 27

mindfulness

Answer 27

broadly a practice that promotes full engagement with one’s own internal mental processes in a nonconfrontational way

Question 28

overgeneralization

Answer 28

Applying lessons learned from negative experiences more broadly than is warranted

Question 29

personalization

Answer 29

Assuming excessive personal responsibility for negative events

Question 30

rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Answer 30

Ellis’s approach to therapy, emphasizing a connection between rationality and emotion

Question 31

3 factors that affect if a client is likely to do their homework:

Answer 31

Client factors (severity of disorder, motivation, etc.)
Therapist factors (accuracy of diagnosis, skill in creating assignments, etc.)
Therapeutic alliance (the quality of the relationship between therapist and client)