Chapter 16

Question 1

Insoo Kim Berg

Answer 1

a leader of the solution-focused therapy approach

Question 2

boundaries

Answer 2

the figurative barriers between family members that balance the level of emotional closeness and independence of each member

Question 3

Murray Bowen

Answer 3

established the concept that a primary task for each individual family member is to achieve an appropriate degree of self-determination

Question 4

Circular causality

Answer 4

suggests that events influence one another in a reciprocal way, such that a parent’s and a child’s behavior each affect the other continuously, more like a “two-way street”

Question 5

closed-enrollment groups

Answer 5

all members start and finish therapy together, with no new members added during the process

Question 6

communication patterns

Answer 6

the type of interaction, when unhealthy, that most significantly contributes to psychological problems according to family therapists

Question 7

Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS)

Answer 7

an individually-administered, objective, self-report questionnaire to assess abuse or violence in an individual’s family

Question 8

cotherapist

Answer 8

a second therapist co-leading a single group

Question 9

Steve DeShazer

Answer 9

a leader of the solution-focused therapy approach

Question 10

disengaged

Answer 10

the state of a family with overly-rigid boundaries, creating too little emotional closeness between family members

Question 11

differentiation of self

Answer 11

family members being allowed to become their own person without sacrificing emotional closeness with other members of the family

Question 12

emotionally infused

Answer 12

people who remain overly connected with one another in an emotional sense

Question 13

enmeshed

Answer 13

the state of a family with poor boundaries, creating too much emotional closeness between family members

Question 14

exception questions

Answer 14

Questions like “When was this not a problem for you? When was it not so bad?”

Question 15

extra group socializing

Answer 15

clients socializing with each other outside therapy groups

Question 16

family life cycle

Answer 16

a theory created by Betty Carter and Monica McGoldrick on the typical developmental stages for intact middle-class American families

Question 17

family structure

Answer 17

the implicit rules by which a family operates

Question 18

family therapy

Answer 18

a type of psychotherapy that helps family members better understand each other, support one another and work through difficult situations

Question 19

feedback

Answer 19

reflective analysis of interactions
-action that family members take in reaction to member(s) straying from the family emotional or behavioral comfort zones

Question 20

formula first-session task

Answer 20

at the end of the first session, clients are instructed to take note of aspects of their lives in the upcoming week that they want to continue to happen

Question 21

genogram

Answer 21

a pencil-and-paper (or computer-based) method of creating a family tree that incorporates detailed information about the structure and quality of relationships among family members for at least three generations

Question 22

functionalism

Answer 22

the idea that although psychological symptoms may appear maladaptive, they may be functional within the individual’s family environment

Question 23

group cohesiveness

Answer 23

feelings of interconnectedness among group members, characterized by a sense of warmth, trust, acceptance, belongingness, and value

Question 24

group therapy

Answer 24

practiced in a wide variety of forms, like individual therapy, but strongly based on the experience of interacting with other people

Question 25

here & now

Answer 25

the group therapy focus on discussion of interaction between group members, rather than in their lives outside the group

Question 26

heterogeneous group

Answer 26

groups with a variety of problems or diagnoses

Question 27

homeostasis

Answer 27

suggests that systems have the ability to regulate themselves by returning themselves to an emotional comfort zone or “set point,” like a thermostat

Question 28

homogenous groups

Answer 28

groups organized around a single problem or diagnosis

Question 29

identified patient

Answer 29

a family member whose symptoms are most obvious or problematic

Question 30

interpersonal interaction

Answer 30

interacting with other people

Question 31

interpersonal learning

Answer 31

learning from the in-group personal experience

Question 32

Salvador Minuchin

Answer 32

creator of structural family therapy, which works to improve the structure of a family, often by developing a clear hierarchy of power within it, in order to improve the functioning of its members

Question 33

linear causality

Answer 33

endorsed by individual therapists most often, suggests that events from the past cause or determine events in the present in a unidirectional or “one-way-street” manner

Question 34

miracle questions

Answer 34

“If the problem disappeared, how would your life be different?”

Question 35

multisystemic family therapy

Answer 35

designed for adolescents with long-term behavioral and emotional problems that typically involve legal offenses

Question 36

narrative therapy

Answer 36

an approach that focuses on clients’ tendencies to explain themselves and the events in their lives in particular ways, some of which may cause psychological problems

Question 37

open-ended enrollment

Answer 37

individual members are allowed to enter or leave the group at any time

Question 38

recapitulation of the family group

Answer 38

a therapeutic factor in group therapy that allows people to relearn unhealthy patterns they may have learned in their family of origin

Question 39

scaling questions

Answer 39

“On a scale of 1 to 10, how bad has the problem been this past week?”

Question 40

social microcosm

Answer 40

the idea that clients’ relationship tendencies with people in their personal lives will predictably characterize the relationships they form with fellow group members

Question 41

solution-focused therapy

Answer 41

the concept that therapy is successful when the identified problems are solved, using a list of specific tasks and questions posed to clients to call attention to solutions rather than problems

Question 42

solution-talk

Answer 42

the opposite of “problem-talk”, discussing positive outcomes rather than unpleasant situations

Question 43

strategic family therapy

Answer 43

the pragmatic theory created by Don Jackson, Jay Haley, and Cloe Madenes that later evolved into solution-focused therapy.

Question 44

subsystems

Answer 44

groups or relationships with a family, such as parental or sibling subsystems

Question 45

systems approach

Answer 45

the philosophical and scientific concept that the whole is more than the sum of the parts

Question 46

triangle

Answer 46

family situations where two members are in conflict, and either person decides to bring in a third family member to garner support

Question 47

undifferentiated ego mass

Answer 47

a family with little tolerance for members having differences in feeling or belief

Question 48

universality

Answer 48

the uplifting experience of awareness that others have similar problems, symptoms, or diagnoses to yourself

Question 49

Irvin Yalom

Answer 49

leading figure in the interpersonal approach to group therapy
-Argues that all psychological problems stem from flawed interpersonal relationships
-Emphasizes the unique opportunity of group therapy