Chapter 16 Flashcards
Insoo Kim Berg
a leader of the solution-focused therapy approach
boundaries
the figurative barriers between family members that balance the level of emotional closeness and independence of each member
Murray Bowen
established the concept that a primary task for each individual family member is to achieve an appropriate degree of self-determination
Circular causality
suggests that events influence one another in a reciprocal way, such that a parent’s and a child’s behavior each affect the other continuously, more like a “two-way street”
closed-enrollment groups
all members start and finish therapy together, with no new members added during the process
communication patterns
the type of interaction, when unhealthy, that most significantly contributes to psychological problems according to family therapists
Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS)
an individually-administered, objective, self-report questionnaire to assess abuse or violence in an individual’s family
cotherapist
a second therapist co-leading a single group
Steve DeShazer
a leader of the solution-focused therapy approach
disengaged
the state of a family with overly-rigid boundaries, creating too little emotional closeness between family members
differentiation of self
family members being allowed to become their own person without sacrificing emotional closeness with other members of the family
emotionally infused
people who remain overly connected with one another in an emotional sense
enmeshed
the state of a family with poor boundaries, creating too much emotional closeness between family members
exception questions
Questions like “When was this not a problem for you? When was it not so bad?”
extra group socializing
clients socializing with each other outside therapy groups
family life cycle
a theory created by Betty Carter and Monica McGoldrick on the typical developmental stages for intact middle-class American families
family structure
the implicit rules by which a family operates
family therapy
a type of psychotherapy that helps family members better understand each other, support one another and work through difficult situations
feedback
reflective analysis of interactions
-action that family members take in reaction to member(s) straying from the family emotional or behavioral comfort zones
formula first-session task
at the end of the first session, clients are instructed to take note of aspects of their lives in the upcoming week that they want to continue to happen
genogram
a pencil-and-paper (or computer-based) method of creating a family tree that incorporates detailed information about the structure and quality of relationships among family members for at least three generations
functionalism
the idea that although psychological symptoms may appear maladaptive, they may be functional within the individual’s family environment
group cohesiveness
feelings of interconnectedness among group members, characterized by a sense of warmth, trust, acceptance, belongingness, and value
group therapy
practiced in a wide variety of forms, like individual therapy, but strongly based on the experience of interacting with other people
here & now
the group therapy focus on discussion of interaction between group members, rather than in their lives outside the group
heterogeneous group
groups with a variety of problems or diagnoses
homeostasis
suggests that systems have the ability to regulate themselves by returning themselves to an emotional comfort zone or “set point,” like a thermostat
homogenous groups
groups organized around a single problem or diagnosis
identified patient
a family member whose symptoms are most obvious or problematic
interpersonal interaction
interacting with other people
interpersonal learning
learning from the in-group personal experience
Salvador Minuchin
creator of structural family therapy, which works to improve the structure of a family, often by developing a clear hierarchy of power within it, in order to improve the functioning of its members
linear causality
endorsed by individual therapists most often, suggests that events from the past cause or determine events in the present in a unidirectional or “one-way-street” manner
miracle questions
“If the problem disappeared, how would your life be different?”
multisystemic family therapy
designed for adolescents with long-term behavioral and emotional problems that typically involve legal offenses
narrative therapy
an approach that focuses on clients’ tendencies to explain themselves and the events in their lives in particular ways, some of which may cause psychological problems
open-ended enrollment
individual members are allowed to enter or leave the group at any time
recapitulation of the family group
a therapeutic factor in group therapy that allows people to relearn unhealthy patterns they may have learned in their family of origin
scaling questions
“On a scale of 1 to 10, how bad has the problem been this past week?”
social microcosm
the idea that clients’ relationship tendencies with people in their personal lives will predictably characterize the relationships they form with fellow group members
solution-focused therapy
the concept that therapy is successful when the identified problems are solved, using a list of specific tasks and questions posed to clients to call attention to solutions rather than problems
solution-talk
the opposite of “problem-talk”, discussing positive outcomes rather than unpleasant situations
strategic family therapy
the pragmatic theory created by Don Jackson, Jay Haley, and Cloe Madenes that later evolved into solution-focused therapy.
subsystems
groups or relationships with a family, such as parental or sibling subsystems
systems approach
the philosophical and scientific concept that the whole is more than the sum of the parts
triangle
family situations where two members are in conflict, and either person decides to bring in a third family member to garner support
undifferentiated ego mass
a family with little tolerance for members having differences in feeling or belief
universality
the uplifting experience of awareness that others have similar problems, symptoms, or diagnoses to yourself
Irvin Yalom
leading figure in the interpersonal approach to group therapy
-Argues that all psychological problems stem from flawed interpersonal relationships
-Emphasizes the unique opportunity of group therapy
