Chapter 18

Question 1

ABCDS of weight loss

Answer 1

Activity increase, Behavior change, Cognitive change, Dietary change, and Social support

Question 2

ABCs of relapse prevention

Answer 2

Antecedent, Behavior (smoking), and Consequence

Question 3

behavioral medicine

Answer 3

an interdisciplinary field that involves the integration of knowledge from a wide variety of social sciences, including psychology, sociology, and anthropology, with knowledge from the medical disciplines

Question 4

biofeedback

Answer 4

the technique of converting some aspects of physiological functioning into a tone or a visual for the client in order to bring these processes into the forefront of consciousness

Question 5

chronic pain

Answer 5

pain that lasts 6 months or longer

Question 6

chronic stress

Answer 6

the all-too-common syndrome defined by stress levels that are consistently high and unremitting, often due to a hectic, fast-paced lifestyle

Question 7

coping

Answer 7

the efforts to reduce or manage the experience of stress

Question 8

cortisol

Answer 8

the body’s stress hormone

Question 9

detoxification

Answer 9

the weaning off of a substance, often best carried out under medical supervision

Question 10

disease-prone personality

Answer 10

a theorized genotypic inclination that predisposes people to stress-related illnesses

Question 11

fight-or-flight response

Answer 11

when an organism perceives a threat, the body rapidly mobilizes energy reserves via the sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system to either fight or flee

Question 12

general adaptation syndrom

Answer 12

when confronted with a temporary stressor, our fight-or-flight system often works very effectively, but repeated or prolonged exposure to stress causes our bodies eventually wear out and break down

Question 13

health psychology

Answer 13

a subdiscipline of behavioral medicine that deals specifically with how psychological processes interact with health and illness

Question 14

hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis

Answer 14

controls the release of the body’s stress hormone and is affected by stress

Question 15

problem-focused coping

Answer 15

emphasizes changing the stressor itself that works well when a stressor is more controllable

Question 16

patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs)

Answer 16

a proposed solution for delivering higher-quality and more cost-effective primary care which aim to provide care that is patient centered, highly accessible and affordable, comprehensive, coordinated, and holistic

Question 17

relaxation training

Answer 17

a relatively quick alternative to biofeedback therapy that involves teaching clients to consciously shift their bodies into a state of lowered tension and arousal

Question 17

psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

Answer 17

the scientific field of study concerned with the interactions among behavior, the nervous system, and the immune system

Question 18

stress

Answer 18

the psychological and/or physiological response to difficult or demanding internal or external circumstances

Question 18

Hans Selye

Answer 18

research on stress culminated in the general adaptation syndrome hypothesis

Question 19

social support

Answer 19

the relationships a person has with their friends, family, and others that can buffer the effects of stress

Question 20

tolerance

Answer 20

occurs when the body requires increasing amounts of the substance to achieve the desired effect

Question 21

values affirmation

Answer 21

the act of writing about the things one values most in life (e.g., relationships, service to others), affirming and focusing attention on their sense of personal identity and self-worth

Question 22

withdrawal

Answer 22

occurs when cessation of the substance produces negative symptoms