Chapter 6

Question 1

Conformity

Answer 1

Change in behavior or belief to accord with others (must be due to others’ influence.)

Question 1

Acceptance

Answer 1

Conformity that involves both acting and believing. You actually were persuaded.

Question 2

Compliance

Answer 2

Conforming without believing. You don’t want to do it but social pressures.

Question 3

Obedience

Answer 3

Compliance in response to a command. Don’t want to do, social pressures, and they tell you to.

Question 4

Which of the 4, conformity, acceptance, compliance, or obedience, has most cognitive arousal?

Answer 4

Obedience (a nonvoluntary nature)

Question 5

Muzafer Sherif studies on Norm Formation

Answer 5

Changed answers when others had very different answers (how far light move in dark room)

People’s answers converge over repeated trials.

Question 6

Autokinetic phenomenon

Answer 6

Apparent movement of a stationary point of light.

Question 7

Mood linkage

Answer 7

Being around happy people can make us feel happier

Question 8

Chameleon effect

Answer 8

Mimicking someone else’s behavior (eg. seeing happy face –> happy face yourself)

Question 9

Mass hysteria

Answer 9

Mimicry on a large scale throughout a large group of people (eg. Lexus cars false malfunction example)

Question 10

How does suicide and gun violence relate to mass hysteria?

Answer 10

These things could be socially contagious

Question 11

Asch’s Studies of Group Pressure

Answer 11

3 lines and 1 is right. Social conformity.

Question 12

From Asch’s studies, is it true that more people tell the truth even when others don’t?

Answer 12

Yes. 63% overall didn’t conform.

Question 13

Soccer referee decisions and conformity

Answer 13

2.35 average (away team) vs. 1.89 average (home team) cards. Difference also larger in louder stadiums

Question 14

How did self-estimates differ from the participants for Milgram’s study?

Answer 14

Not over 135 volts vs. 300+ volts

Question 15

How have things changed about obedience conformity? Milgram replication

Answer 15

More people willing to disobey. Individualism shift maybe.

Question 16

Why might Milgram’s findings not be as surprising as they seem?

Answer 16

4 phenomenon that support. 1) slippery slope (small –> large requests) 2) shock-giving as social norm 3) deny responsibility 4) limited time

Question 17

Why Milgram might be considered unethical?

Answer 17

Agony from thinking about what they did to the ‘victims’ (trembled, stuttered, bit lips, groaned, etc.)

No true informed consent

Altered self-concepts

Question 18

4 factors that bred obedience (Milgram)

Answer 18

1) victim’s emotional distance (greatest obedience when victim not seen)

2) authority’s closeness and legitimacy (presence of experimenter = more obedience)

3) Institutional authority (prestige university = more obedience)

4) liberating effects of group influence(when accomplices help out)

Question 19

What happened when assistant took over study instead?

Answer 19

The participants disobeyed more. Even protested and unplugged

Question 20

What do researchers argue the Nazi soldiers and other horrific obedience instances extended to?

Answer 20

Acceptance. They believed in the cause.

Question 21

Compliance may breed _______

Answer 21

Acceptance.

Question 22

“I think we need more women on the island to keep the men satisfied.”

How many thought they’d ignore, and how many actually ignored?

What’s the lesson?

Answer 22

5%, 55% actually did

social norms (kindness) are powerful.

Question 23

Does situation of harm-doing exonerate harm-doers?

Answer 23

No. To explain is not to excuse.

Question 24

How Group Size predicts conformity?

Answer 24

Percentage of imitation increased till group size of 5 (look at sky example)

Question 25

How does unanimity predict conformity?

Answer 25

Even 1 dissenting view from majority makes people say their own opinion (even if they wrong)

Question 26

How does cohesion predict conformity?

Answer 26

the “we feeling”. bounded together. Friends > aquaintance influence

Question 27

How does status predict conformity?

Answer 27

higher-status = more impact.

Question 28

How does public response predict conformity?

Answer 28

Conform more when respond in front of others

Question 29

How does prior commitment predict conformity?

Answer 29

Conform more after making public commitment.

Question 30

2 reasons why we conform

Answer 30

Normative influence: we want to be liked
Informational influence: we want to be right

Question 31

How agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience is linked with conformity

Answer 31

Agreeableness: more likely to conform
Conscientiousness: more likely to conform
Openness to experience: less likely to conform

Question 32

When and in what cultures are conformity rates higher? eg. milgrim

Answer 32

More conformist times and collectivistic cultures.

Question 33

How social roles influence conformity

Answer 33

We all have roles. They are powerful. We conform to our social roles.

Question 34

Reactance

Answer 34

Motive to protect one’s sense of freedom.

Question 35

How to allow children freedom but also make them do something

Answer 35

Instead of giving command, give them limited choice (eg. it’s time to clean. bath or shower?)

Question 36

What does the theory of psychological reactance entail about ads to stop drinking?

Answer 36

It might not work for them. They don’t want their freedom gone.

Question 37

How does uniqueness play a role in conformity?

Answer 37

People also want to be unique. Scared to be the same as everyone else.

High ‘need for uniqueness’ = low conforming individuals

Question 38

We are more aware of our race or gender when we ____

Answer 38

are with people of the other group

Question 39

Communitarianism

Answer 39

a communal or nonconformist individualism (balance)