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Social Psych 3310 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

When tracing back 100,000 years, we are all ____

A

Africans

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1
Q

T/F humans have little that is universal

A

F. Many aspects are universal.

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2
Q

How did the difference in color of skin happen?

A

Africans stayed in Africa (sunscreen for tropics)

More north, evolved to have vitamin D without much directed sunlight

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3
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

Natural selection and its relation to predisposing psychological traits in genes

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4
Q

Sex

A

Male/Female. Biological distinction. (Chromosomes, genitals, secondary sex diffs)

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5
Q

Gender

A

Characteristics that people associate with (due to biology, culture, or both)

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6
Q

Differences in behavior between boys and girls is sex or gender?

A

Gender

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7
Q

How has treatment of intersex individuals changed?

A

Before: assigned gender at birth and diminished sex diffs surgically

Now: some wait until the child identifies till surgery

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8
Q

How many Americans are transgender?

A

4/1000

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9
Q

Why might men have stronger sex drives?

A

Evolutionary psychology: It’s more costly for women to have sex.

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10
Q

Why might men be more aggressive?

A

Physically dominant men have had more success in getting access to females

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11
Q

Genghis Khan is an ancestor of ___________

A

approx 1 in 200 men worldwide

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12
Q

Evolutionarily, why might women want male achievers?

A

They want someone who can raise their child without financial struggles

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13
Q

What do men want?

A

Healthy and youthful women. (fertility)

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14
Q

Are mate preferences universal?

A

They are pretty universal. As evolutionary perspective predicts.

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15
Q

Gender and Hormones. Why is it important?

A

More testosterone in men. Genes don’t tell full story.

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16
Q

What can increase/decrease testosterone?

A

Aggression increases. Compassion decreases.

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17
Q

Androgynous.

A

Merging of male and female characteristics. Happens as people grow into adult life.

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18
Q

Critique of Evolutionary Psychology (or evolutionary explanations)

A

Easy to use hindsight (nothing can be wrong! anything can be retrofitted.)

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19
Q

Why is it not genes vs. culture?

A

They interact. Like how you can’t taste tea without hot water.

Epigenetics: environmental influence on gene expression

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20
Q

Are we moving towards a uniform global culture?

A

No, local cultures are very enduring.

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21
Q

Norms

A

“proper”, accepted/standard behavior

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22
Q

What do some Muslim women see as a social byproduct of wearing hijabs?

A

Encourages men to see them less as a sex object.

23
Q

In what culture is punctuality different?

A

Latin America

24
Q

Collectivistic cultures and stigmatization

A

More likely to stigmatize those who stand out

25
Q

Many collectivistic cultures promote idea that human suffering (like disease) is from what?

A

Violating social norms

26
Q

Why might collectivistic countries be more strict on rules?

A

They historically were more vulnerable to threats and diseases

27
Q

What countries tend to prefer less distance (more touching/hugging)?

A

Countries near the equator

28
Q

How is nurturing assumption contested about how parents influence beliefs and stuff?

A

Growing up in the same family has little influence on personality traits

29
Q

How much genetic influence on personality?

A

40%

30
Q

Shared home influence on personality

A

0 to 1 %

31
Q

parents have influence on children, but what’s the catch?

A

Their influence is mostly indirect. (eg. they choose the schools neighborhoods, etc.)

32
Q

Example of gender roles varying with culture

A

When asked if prefer both spouses working or woman stay at home, 21/22 say both.

BUT! Pakistan disagreed 4 to 1. Spain concurred 13 to 1.

33
Q

How are gender roles changing over time?

A

More gender equal.

34
Q

How many inches shorter is the average woman?

A

5 inches

35
Q

What percentage more fat does the average woman have?

A

70%

36
Q

Are women more likely to face depression or anxiety disorders?

A

Yes. 2x

37
Q

Which gender is more likely to change roommates?

A

Women 2x.

38
Q

An AI program that was taught to detect the author’s gender of books was right ____% of the time

A

80%

39
Q

How do women and men differ in vocation?

A

Men more jobs related to things. Women do jobs related to people

40
Q

Are women or men better at math?

A

Women desire math vocations less, but they are as capable.

41
Q

T/F: women gravitate more towards jobs that reduce inequities, while men do the opposite.

A

True

42
Q

Why might both men and women tend to prefer female friendships?

A

Empathy.

43
Q

Which gender is better at decoding emotional messages

A

Women

44
Q

Which gender is more successfully in conveying emotion non-verbally?

A

Women

45
Q

Are men more concerned about being defined as feminine or are women more concerned about being defined as masculine?

A

Men are more concerned.

46
Q

Aggression

A

Behavior intended to hurt

47
Q

Under what circumstances might women be even the same or even more aggressive than men?

A

Provoked and minor ways of aggression (eg. verbal, slap, etc.)

48
Q

What is an example of an indirect aggressive act?

A

Spreading malicious gossip.

49
Q

Attractive member of other sex approaches stranger and asks if they want to have sex. Differences in gender responses from stranger?

A

Men: 3/4 said yes
Women: 0 said yes

50
Q

Attractive member of other sex approaches stranger and asks on a date. Differences in gender responses from stranger?

A

Half said yes, half said no

51
Q

Is it true that cross-culturally, men are more willing to engage in casual sex?

A

Yes. Also for lesbian and gay too.

52
Q

Amongst college students and by gender, how often do they think about sex?

A

Men once per hour.
Women once every 2 hours.

53
Q

Which gender is more likely to initiate sexual activity?

A

Men

54
Q

When there are fewer available men, what happens to teen pregnancy rate?

A

Higher

55
Q

____ differences far exceed _____ differences

A

individual; gender

56
Q

David Schmitt found what?

A

Personality traits differ amongst genders in richer and more egalitarian countries.

Social Psych 3310 (13 decks)

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