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Semester 2 Microbiology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

all the biochemical reactions taking place in an organism

A

metabolism

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2
Q

build polymers from smaller building blocks

A

anabolic reactions

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3
Q

energy input required

A

endergonic

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4
Q

endergonic reactions are also

A

anabolic reactions

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5
Q

break down polymers into simpler molecules

A

catabolic reactions

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6
Q

energy is released

A

exergonic

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7
Q

exergonic reactions are also

A

catabolic reactions

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8
Q

enzymes are large _________ complexes that function to increase the probability of __________

A

protein
chemical reactions

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9
Q

enzymes lower the ________ of reactions

A

activation energy

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10
Q

rate of enzymatic reactions is influenced by

A

temperature and pH

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11
Q

sequence of chemical reactions

A

metabolic pathway

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12
Q

blocking of an active site with the attachment of a similar shaped molecule so the substrate can bind

A

competitve inhibition

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13
Q

changing the shape of an active site so the substrate no longer fits

A

noncompetitive inhibition

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14
Q

feedback inhibition is an example of what type of inhibition

A

noncompetitive

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15
Q

cellular energy currency of all cells

A

ATP

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16
Q

adding a phosphate group to a molecule

A

phosphorylation

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17
Q

glucose contains __________ that can be extracted

A

stored energy

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18
Q

energy in glucose in released slowly by converting it to _____ through metabolic pathways

A

ATP

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19
Q

a series of catabolic pathways for the production of ATP

A

cellular respiration

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20
Q

if oxygen is consumed while making ATP, it is ________ cellular respiration

A

aerobic

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21
Q

if oxygen is not used while making ATP, it is _________ cellular respiration

A

anaerobic

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22
Q

aerobic cellular respiration includes:

A

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis

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23
Q

glycolysis oxidizes glucose to

A

pyruvate

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24
Q

during the transition step of ATP production, pyruvate is converted into

A

acetyl CoA

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25
during the fermentation step of ATP production, pyruvate is reduced to an
end product
26
in the citric acid cycle, acetyl CoA is used and releases
CO2
27
In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are taken from NADH and FADH2 to power
ATP synthesis
28
splitting of a 6 carbon glucose molecule into two 3 carbon pyruvate molecules
glycolysis
29
how many enzymes are involved in glycolysis
ten
30
how many intermediate molecules are involved in glycolysis
eight
31
how many ATP are required to start glycolysis
two
32
how many ATP are released during glycolysis
four
33
what is the net gain of ATP in glycolysis
two
34
how many NADH molecules are released in glycolysis
two
35
where does glycolysis take place
cytoplasm
36
before entering the citric acid cycle, the pyruvate molecules produced in glycolysis enter a transition step where they are converted into _________
acetyl CoA
37
how many enzyme controlled reactions are involved in each turn of the citric acid cycle
eight
38
how many ATP are produced in the citric acid cycle
two
39
how many FADH2 are produced in the citric acid cycle
two
40
what is the waste product produced in the citric acid cycle
CO2
41
where does the citric acid cycle take place
prokaryotic cytoplasm
42
for each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis followed by the citric acid cycle, how many NADH are produced in total
10
43
for each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis followed by the citric acid cycle, how many FADH2 are produced in total
2
44
for each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis followed by the citric acid cycle, how many ATP are produced in total
4
45
NADH and FADH2 provide pairs of electrons for ____________
oxidative phosphorylation
46
electrons are passed along a series of four protein complexes during oxidative phosphorylation called _________
cytochromes
47
what is the process called of electrons passing by protein complexes in oxidative phosphorylation
electron transport
48
the energy released by oxidative phosphorylation is used to combine phosphate with ______
ADP to form ATP
49
where does oxidative phosphorylation occur
prokaryotic cell membrane
50
in aerobic cellular respiration, oxygen accepts ______ protons and becomes ________
two water
51
in chemiosmosis, protons flow through ATP synthase via
facilitated diffusion
52
ATP synthase harnesses the energy from the flowing protons to.......
phosphorylate ADP into ATP
53
1 NADH = ____ ATPs
2.5
54
1 FADH2 = ____ATPs
1.5
55
in anaerobic respiration, are there more or less ATPs produced when compared to aerobic respiration
less
56
what is never the final electron acceptor in the ETC of anaerobic respiration
oxygen
57
what are possible final electron acceptors in theETC of anaerobic respiration
nitrate sulfate carbonate
58
fermentation also produces _______ ATP than aerobic respiration
less
59
synthesize their own foods
autotrophs
60
gain energy and carbon from outside sources
heterotrophs
61
use light as their energy source
photoautotrophs
62
use inorganic compounds as their energy source
chemoautotrophs
63
use light as their energy source and organic compounds as their source of carbon
photoheterotrophs
64
use organic compounds other for energy and carbon sources
chemoheterotrophs
65
feed exclusively on dead organic matter
saprobes
66
feed on living organic matter
parasites

Semester 2 Microbiology (15 decks)

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