Chapter 10.2

Question 1

derived from the metabolism of living organisms

Answer 1

antibiotics

Question 2

antimicrobials produced by chemically modifying a naturally produced drug

Answer 2

semisynthetic drugs

Question 3

substance made in the lab to prevent illness or treat disease

Answer 3

synthetic drug

Question 4

affect many taxonomic groups

Answer 4

broad-spectrum drugs

Question 5

what antimicrobials are broad spectrum

Answer 5

sulfonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and amoxicillin

Question 6

affect only a few pathogens

Answer 6

narrow spectrum drugs

Question 7

what antimicrobials are narrow spectrum

Answer 7

mycobacterium, vancomycin, and polymyxins

Question 8

what are the synthetic antibacterial agents

Answer 8

sulfonamides, quinolones, and isoniazid

Question 9

target folic acid metabolic reactions

Answer 9

sulfa drugs/sulfonamides

Question 10

prevent nucleic acid synthesis and DNA replication

Answer 10

sulfa drugs/sulfonamides

Question 11

block DNA replication in bacterial by inhibiting an enzyme (gyrase)

Answer 11

quinolones

Question 12

what do quinolones work on

Answer 12

gram + and gram - bacterial

Question 13

used to treat UTI, STD, and GI infections

Answer 13

fluoroquinolones

Question 14

interferes with cell wall synthesis only in species of mycobacterium

Answer 14

isoniazid

Question 15

what are the beta lactam antibiotics

Answer 15

penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems

Question 16

natural penicillins are produced by what fungus

Answer 16

penicillium notatum

Question 17

what do penicillins include

Answer 17

beta lactam ring

Question 18

what are penicillins active against

Answer 18

gram + and some gram - bacterial

Question 19

interfere with cell wall synthesis in rapidly growing cells, causing the cell to burst

Answer 19

penicillins

Question 20

used in cases of penicillin resistance by the pathogen

Answer 20

cephalosporins

Question 21

highly resistant to beta lactamase enzymes

Answer 21

carbapenems

Question 22

these antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

Answer 22

glycopeptide

Question 23

vancomycin is a what

Answer 23

glycopeptide antibiotic

Question 24

polypeptide antibiotics affect the what

Answer 24

cell membrane

Question 25

polymyxins are what type of antibiotic

Answer 25

polypeptide

Question 26

attach irreversibly to small 30S ribosome, blocking translation (bactericidal)

Answer 26

aminoglycosides

Question 27

broad spectrum antibiotic that binds to 50S subunit and prevents peptide bond formation

Answer 27

chloramphenicol

Question 28

broad spectrum antibiotics that target the attachment of tRNA to the small 30S ribosome subunit

Answer 28

tetracyclines

Question 29

bind to the 50S subunit and inhibits elongation

Answer 29

macrolides

Question 30

block tRNA binding to the 50S subunit

Answer 30

lincosamides

Question 31

interferes with RNA synthesis by binding to the bacterial RNA polymerase (bactericidal)

Answer 31

rifampin

Question 32

a semisynthetic drug used against penicillin resistant bacteria

Answer 32

clindamycin

Question 33

bacterium produces an enzyme that destroys the drug

Answer 33

antibiotic hydrolysis

Question 34

bacterium produces a modifier that adds a chemical group to the drug

Answer 34

antibiotic modification

Question 35

bacterium pumps drug out or prevents entry

Answer 35

membrane modification/efflux

Question 36

bacterium has altered drug target so drug cannot interact

Answer 36

target modification

Question 37

bacterium bypasses the pathway blocked by the drug

Answer 37

metabolic pathway alteration

Question 38

improper or excessive use of antibiotics can lead to what

Answer 38

antibiotic resistance or superinfection