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Semester 2 Microbiology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Controls structure and function

A

DNA

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2
Q

Used for growth and energy conversions

A

Biochemical reactions

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3
Q

Produces new generations

A

Reproduction

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4
Q

Are complex and regulated

A

Responses to stimuli

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5
Q

What are the organelles in a prokaryotic cell

A

Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
DNA
Cell wall
Cell membrane

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6
Q

Transports proteins

A

Endoplasmic reticulum (rough)

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7
Q

Synthesize and transport lipids

A

Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth)

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8
Q

Modify, sort, and package proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

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9
Q

Digest proteins; control cell metabolism and growth

A

Lysosomes

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10
Q

Convert chemical energy into cellular energy for work

A

Mitochondria

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11
Q

Convert light energy into chemical energy

A

Chloroplasts

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12
Q

Prokaryotic cells perform both __________ and/or ____________ but utilize the cell membrane rather than organelles

A

Cell respiration
Photosynthesis

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13
Q

Gives the cell structure and transports materials within the cell

A

Eukaryotic cytoskeleton

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14
Q

The eukaryotic cytoskeleton includes what

A

Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
Microfilaments

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15
Q

Prokaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton used for…..

A

cell shape; positioning structures within the cell

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16
Q

In eukaryote cells: made of microtubules and beat in a wave-like motion

A

Flagella

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17
Q

In prokaryotic cells: structurally different and provide rotational propeller- like force

A

Flagella

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18
Q

Are cilia present in prokaryotes or eukaryotes

A

Eukaryotes

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19
Q

Shorter microtubules and more numerous flagella

A

Cilia

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20
Q

Help maintain water balance by osmosis

A

Cell wall

21
Q

Cell walls help cells resist….

A

Lysis

22
Q

Who used shared characteristics to divide organisms into plant and animal kingdom

A

Carolus Linnaeus

23
Q

How many kingdoms were there by the 1950’S

A

5

24
Q

The scientific discipline of naming and classifying organisms within a framework of evolutionary relationships

A

Taxonomy

25
Q

Who proposed classification scheme with the most inclusive category being the domain

A

Woese and Fox

26
Q

Prokaryotes with unique rRNA sequences

A

Archaea

27
Q

All other prokaryotes

A

Bacteria

28
Q

Include the multicellular kingdoms of plants, fungi, and animals, as well as single-celled protists

A

Eukarya

29
Q

Who created nomenclature

A

Linnaeus

30
Q

Nomenclature involves_________ & __________

A

Genus and specific epithet

31
Q

Developed ability to inwardly fold its plasma membrane

A

Ancestral prokaryote

32
Q

Acquisition of mitochondria and/or chloroplasts

A

Endosymbiotic theory

33
Q

Visible light passes through multiple lenses and through the specimen

A

Bright-field microscopy

34
Q

High resolving power

A

Resolution

35
Q

Uses basic (cationic) dye

A

Simple stain

36
Q

Uses acidic (canonic) dye which is repelled by cell walls

A

Negative stain

37
Q

Which bacteria retain crystal violet

A

Gram (+)

38
Q

Which bacteria appear orange/red

A

Gram (-)

39
Q

Used to identify members of Mycobacterium, including the causative agent of tuberculosis

A

Acid fast

40
Q

What color stain is acid-fast

A

Red

41
Q

Used to identify the endospores of gram-positive bacteria

A

Spore stain

42
Q

What color does spore stain result in

A

Green

43
Q

A special condenser and objective lenses allow observers to view living, unstained organisms.

A

Phase-contrast microscopy

44
Q

Shows the specimen against a dark background and provides good resolution

A

Dark-field microscopy

45
Q

Specimens are coated with penetrating ________ dye

A

Fluorescent

46
Q

Cells are illuminated with _____________, exciting electrons in the dye and causing it to glow.

A

ultraviolet light

47
Q

can yield a final magnification nearly 2 million times larger than the actual specimen.

A

Transmission electron microscopes (TEM)

48
Q

magnify to about 20,000x.

A

Scanning electron microscopes (SEM)

Semester 2 Microbiology (15 decks)

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