Chapter 1 Flashcards
discover of the very small
microscopy
who was skilled in grinding lenses and described animalcules in a specimen of lake water
Anton von leewenhoek
though that life was derived from decaying materials via…..
spontaneous generation
what is an example of spontaneous generation
maggots forming from rotten meat
who proved that experiments showed if flies were prevented from landing on meat, it did not produce maggots
Francesco redi
who discredited the idea of spontaneous generation and validated the idea of biogenesis
Louis pasteur
who validated biogenesis
Louis pasteur
what did biogenesis prove
microbes are present in the air
prevents infectious disease
vaccination
who brought the idea of vaccination
Edward jenner
who discovered disease could be prevented through vaccination with a similar but milder disease-causing agent
Edward jenner
people thought diseases resulted from foul qualities or rotting particles called ________ in the environment or air
miasma
the study of the source, cause, and mode of transmission of disease
epidemiology
who proposes that germs cause infectious disease
Louis pasteur
what did Louis Pasteur prove regarding yeasts
yeasts are responsible for fermentation of grape juice into wine
what was Louis pasteur’s technique of heating to kill pathogens
pasteurization
what did Louis pasteur propose in 1862
germ theory
what did Joseph lister develop
the practice of antisepsis or chemical disinfection of external living surfaces
what did Joseph lister use during surgery to have wounds heal without infection
carbolic acid spray
who developed the idea that a specific organism is linked to a specific disease
Robert koch
what did koch add to his broth to grow bacterial colonies in a petri dish
gelatin
individual colonies are _______ ___________ of a single bacterial type
pure cultures
gelatin liquefied at warm temperatures was digested by ________
bacteria
solution to the problem of bacteria being digested by warm temperatures
agar
who laid foundations of bacteriology
koch
study of bacterial organisms
bacteriology
not all diseases could be linked to ___________
bacteria
the study of viruses
virology
who observed filterable viruses
Dimitri ivanovsky and martinus beijerinck
hoof and mouth disease in animals is discovered to be caused by a ___________
virus
a filterable virus causes _________ ___________ in humans
yellow fever
who observed that a species of penicillium mold killed bacterial cells, leading to the development of penicillin
Alexander flemming
molecular biology relies on ______________ as model systems
microorganisms
who realized that dna is the genetic material of inheritance
Hershey and chase
cells that contain a membrane bound nucleus and organelles
eukaryotic
what types of organisms are eukaryotic
plants, animals, fungi, and protists
cells that lack a membrane bound nucleus
prokaryotic
what types of organisms are prokaryotic
bacteria and archea
what are the shapes of prokaryotic bacteria
spherical, spiral, and rod-shaped
what are the two domains of prokaryotes
bacteria and archea
the study of fungus
mycology
how many described species of fungi are there
100,000
fungi may cause ___________ ____________ or make useful ___________
human disease
antibiotics
a mixed group of mostly single-celled protozoa and algae
protists
are protists eukaryotes or prokaryotes
eukaryotes
what are protozoans called that causes disease in humans
parasitic protozoans
viruses are not actually ________ and are not __________
microbes
cells
viruses have a _________ or __________ core surrounded by a __________ coat
dna or rna
protein
viruses cannot replicate without the replication machinery in a _______ _______
host cell
what types of viruses leap from animal populations to humans
zoonotic diseases
what alters the spread of infectious disease
climate change
intentional use of biological agents to cause fear or death
bioterrorism
what can help us study microbes that cannot be cultured in a lab
molecular ecology
microbes grow as ________
biofilms
what uses microbes to decontaminate toxic materials
bioremediation
what is providing new clues for the roles of microbes
microbial evolution
