Chapter 1

Question 1

discover of the very small

Answer 1

microscopy

Question 2

who was skilled in grinding lenses and described animalcules in a specimen of lake water

Answer 2

Anton von leewenhoek

Question 3

though that life was derived from decaying materials via…..

Answer 3

spontaneous generation

Question 4

what is an example of spontaneous generation

Answer 4

maggots forming from rotten meat

Question 5

who proved that experiments showed if flies were prevented from landing on meat, it did not produce maggots

Answer 5

Francesco redi

Question 6

who discredited the idea of spontaneous generation and validated the idea of biogenesis

Answer 6

Louis pasteur

Question 7

who validated biogenesis

Answer 7

Louis pasteur

Question 8

what did biogenesis prove

Answer 8

microbes are present in the air

Question 9

prevents infectious disease

Answer 9

vaccination

Question 10

who brought the idea of vaccination

Answer 10

Edward jenner

Question 11

who discovered disease could be prevented through vaccination with a similar but milder disease-causing agent

Answer 11

Edward jenner

Question 12

people thought diseases resulted from foul qualities or rotting particles called ________ in the environment or air

Answer 12

miasma

Question 13

the study of the source, cause, and mode of transmission of disease

Answer 13

epidemiology

Question 14

who proposes that germs cause infectious disease

Answer 14

Louis pasteur

Question 15

what did Louis Pasteur prove regarding yeasts

Answer 15

yeasts are responsible for fermentation of grape juice into wine

Question 16

what was Louis pasteur’s technique of heating to kill pathogens

Answer 16

pasteurization

Question 17

what did Louis pasteur propose in 1862

Answer 17

germ theory

Question 18

what did Joseph lister develop

Answer 18

the practice of antisepsis or chemical disinfection of external living surfaces

Question 19

what did Joseph lister use during surgery to have wounds heal without infection

Answer 19

carbolic acid spray

Question 20

who developed the idea that a specific organism is linked to a specific disease

Answer 20

Robert koch

Question 21

what did koch add to his broth to grow bacterial colonies in a petri dish

Answer 21

gelatin

Question 22

individual colonies are _______ ___________ of a single bacterial type

Answer 22

pure cultures

Question 23

gelatin liquefied at warm temperatures was digested by ________

Answer 23

bacteria

Question 24

solution to the problem of bacteria being digested by warm temperatures

Answer 24

agar

Question 25

who laid foundations of bacteriology

Answer 25

koch

Question 26

study of bacterial organisms

Answer 26

bacteriology

Question 27

not all diseases could be linked to ___________

Answer 27

bacteria

Question 28

the study of viruses

Answer 28

virology

Question 29

who observed filterable viruses

Answer 29

Dimitri ivanovsky and martinus beijerinck

Question 30

hoof and mouth disease in animals is discovered to be caused by a ___________

Answer 30

virus

Question 31

a filterable virus causes _________ ___________ in humans

Answer 31

yellow fever

Question 32

who observed that a species of penicillium mold killed bacterial cells, leading to the development of penicillin

Answer 32

Alexander flemming

Question 33

molecular biology relies on ______________ as model systems

Answer 33

microorganisms

Question 34

who realized that dna is the genetic material of inheritance

Answer 34

Hershey and chase

Question 35

cells that contain a membrane bound nucleus and organelles

Answer 35

eukaryotic

Question 36

what types of organisms are eukaryotic

Answer 36

plants, animals, fungi, and protists

Question 37

cells that lack a membrane bound nucleus

Answer 37

prokaryotic

Question 38

what types of organisms are prokaryotic

Answer 38

bacteria and archea

Question 39

what are the shapes of prokaryotic bacteria

Answer 39

spherical, spiral, and rod-shaped

Question 40

what are the two domains of prokaryotes

Answer 40

bacteria and archea

Question 41

the study of fungus

Answer 41

mycology

Question 42

how many described species of fungi are there

Answer 42

100,000

Question 43

fungi may cause ___________ ____________ or make useful ___________

Answer 43

human disease
antibiotics

Question 44

a mixed group of mostly single-celled protozoa and algae

Answer 44

protists

Question 45

are protists eukaryotes or prokaryotes

Answer 45

eukaryotes

Question 46

what are protozoans called that causes disease in humans

Answer 46

parasitic protozoans

Question 47

viruses are not actually ________ and are not __________

Answer 47

microbes
cells

Question 48

viruses have a _________ or __________ core surrounded by a __________ coat

Answer 48

dna or rna
protein

Question 49

viruses cannot replicate without the replication machinery in a _______ _______

Answer 49

host cell

Question 50

what types of viruses leap from animal populations to humans

Answer 50

zoonotic diseases

Question 51

what alters the spread of infectious disease

Answer 51

climate change

Question 52

intentional use of biological agents to cause fear or death

Answer 52

bioterrorism

Question 53

what can help us study microbes that cannot be cultured in a lab

Answer 53

molecular ecology

Question 54

microbes grow as ________

Answer 54

biofilms

Question 55

what uses microbes to decontaminate toxic materials

Answer 55

bioremediation

Question 56

what is providing new clues for the roles of microbes

Answer 56

microbial evolution