chapter 6 Flashcards
circular movement at a joint
circumduction
the lower jaw bone
mandible
shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
- membranous area in the infant skull where bone has not yet formed
- “soft spot”
fontanels
rotational movement of the forearm or the foot that turns them inward
pronation
the thin vascular membrane in the long bone that lines the bone’s marrow cavity
endosteum
- bone in the chest also known as the breastbone
- located in the center of enter and connects to the rib cage via cartilage
sternum
small, fluid-filled sac found in an area subject to stress around bones and joints
bursae
hard and dense, is a type of osseous tissue
compact bone
(calf bone) located on the lateral side of the tibia
fibula
eclastic bands of tissue that connect bones and support joints, allowing movement and stability
ligaments
also known as cancellous bone, made of a meshwork of small, bony plates filled with red marrow type of osseous tissue
spongy
type of movable joint
amphiarthrosis
found in the spongy bone at the ends of the long bones and center of other bones
red
contribute to the sides and base of the skull
temporal bone
they are located in hands and feet; the thumbs and big toe have 2 phalanges while the other digits have 3
phalanges
builds bone tissue
osteoblasts
facial bones, forms an arch over the cheek
zygomatic bone
bones of the hand
metacarpal cones
a sharp projection from the surface of a bone
spine
the thigh bone, the largest and strongest bone in the human body
femur
long bone in the forearm, runs parallel to the radius
ulna
a resilient and smooth type of connective tissue
cartilage
long bone in the body, referred to as the collarbone; sits between the shoulder and the sternum at the top of the ribcage
clavicle
5 main functions of the skeleton
- form a sturdy framework for the entire body
- protects delicate structures
- stores calcium and salts
- produces blood cells in red bone marrow
- works as levers with attached muscles to produce movement
what and where is the haversian canal
units of bone tissue around central canal
where is the spongy bone found
within the bone (red bone marrow)
what is red marrow and where is it found
- found in the spongy bone and at the end of long bones and at the center of other bones
- red bone marrow produces blood cells
long, multinucleated cells responsible for the process of resorption which help the breakdown of bone tissue
osteoclasts
builds bone tissue
osteoblasts
mature osteoblasts that become trapped in the bone matrix, they maintain bone tissue
osteocytes
a large projection of a bone
process
a cavity or hollow space, most commonly an air filled chamber found in some skull bone
sinus
a short channel or passageway usually the external opening of a canal
meatus
a depression on a bone surface
fossa
a hole that allows a vessel or a nerve to pass through or between bones
foramen
a round projection from the surface of the bone
condyle
2 bones that contribute to the the sides and base of the skull
parietal
2 bones contribute to the sides and the base of the skull
temporal
forms the skulls posterior portion and a part of its base
occipital
- lies at the base of the skull anterior to the temporal bones and forms part of the eye orbit
- resemble bat with wings
sphenoid bones
shape like a blade of a plow, forms the inferior part of the nasal septum
vomer
light and fragile bones located between the eyes
ethmoid
when seen from a superior view, it resembles a bat with wing lied at the base of the skull anterior to the temporal bones and part of the eye orbit
sphenoid
form the posterior part of the hard palate
palatine bones
- last bones of ribs that have no anterior attachment
- 2 of them
floating ribs
remaining bones after the true bones of rib cage
false ribs
2 relatively flat bone surfaces slide over each other with little change in the joint angle
gliding
a convex surface of the one bone that fits into the concave surface of another bone allowing movement in one direction
hinge
an oval shaped protection of one bone fits into an oval shaped depression
condyloid
similar to condyloid but deeper and allowing greater ROM
saddle
surface of one bone fits into a deep cuplike depression in another bone
ball and socket
which bones contain the foramen magnum
the occipital bone
what and where an infant soft spot is
- the anterior fontanel
- posterior fontane
- sphenoid fontanel
- the mastoid fontanel
how many phalanges are found in each hand
14 are found
where is the olecranon
it’s in the humerus, at the posterior end
where is the patella
- it’s in the knee joint
- it’s a flat, rounded, triangular bone which articulates with femur and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of knee joint
what is the proper name for shoulder girdle
pectoral girdle
where is the acetabulum
locates at the top of the femur head and the articular cartilage
where is the greater trochanter
located at the top of the femur
5 differences between the male and female pelvis
- lighter in weight
- the ilia is wider and more flared
- the pubic arch
- the anterior angle between the pelvic bones is wider
- the pelvic inlet
- the sider opening powered by the pubic joint and sacrum is wider and more rounded
- the sacrum and coccyx are shorter and less curved
skeletal changes with age
- los of calcium salts
- decreased ability to form the protien framework ob which calcium salts are deposited
- cellular metabolism slows
- bones are eaker, less dense, and more fragile
- fractures and other bone injuries heal more slowly
- muscle tissue is lost throughout adult life
- loss of balance and diminished reflexes
- decrease in exercise causes the maintenance of bone tissue to decrease
- loss of height
- rib cartilages become calcifies and less flexible ans chesty may decrease in diameter by 2-3 cm, mostly the lower part
- process of calcification so minerals may be deposited i and around the joints causing pain and limiting mobility
circular movement at a joint
circumduction
medial rotation of radius, palm ends in opposite direction compared to supination
pronation
limb turns round its long axis
rotation
moving away from the midline of the body
abduction
moving toward the midline of the body
adduction
bends the foot upward at the ankle
dorsiflexion
bends foot downwards
plantar flexion
