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Structure and Function > chapter 6 > Flashcards

chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

circular movement at a joint

A

circumduction

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2
Q

the lower jaw bone

A

mandible

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3
Q

shaft of a long bone

A

diaphysis

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4
Q
  • membranous area in the infant skull where bone has not yet formed
  • “soft spot”
A

fontanels

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5
Q

rotational movement of the forearm or the foot that turns them inward

A

pronation

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6
Q

the thin vascular membrane in the long bone that lines the bone’s marrow cavity

A

endosteum

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7
Q
  • bone in the chest also known as the breastbone
  • located in the center of enter and connects to the rib cage via cartilage
A

sternum

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8
Q

small, fluid-filled sac found in an area subject to stress around bones and joints

A

bursae

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9
Q

hard and dense, is a type of osseous tissue

A

compact bone

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10
Q

(calf bone) located on the lateral side of the tibia

A

fibula

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11
Q

eclastic bands of tissue that connect bones and support joints, allowing movement and stability

A

ligaments

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12
Q

also known as cancellous bone, made of a meshwork of small, bony plates filled with red marrow type of osseous tissue

A

spongy

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13
Q

type of movable joint

A

amphiarthrosis

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14
Q

found in the spongy bone at the ends of the long bones and center of other bones

A

red

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15
Q

contribute to the sides and base of the skull

A

temporal bone

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16
Q

they are located in hands and feet; the thumbs and big toe have 2 phalanges while the other digits have 3

A

phalanges

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17
Q

builds bone tissue

A

osteoblasts

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18
Q

facial bones, forms an arch over the cheek

A

zygomatic bone

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19
Q

bones of the hand

A

metacarpal cones

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20
Q

a sharp projection from the surface of a bone

A

spine

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21
Q

the thigh bone, the largest and strongest bone in the human body

A

femur

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22
Q

long bone in the forearm, runs parallel to the radius

A

ulna

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23
Q

a resilient and smooth type of connective tissue

A

cartilage

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24
Q

long bone in the body, referred to as the collarbone; sits between the shoulder and the sternum at the top of the ribcage

A

clavicle

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25
Q

5 main functions of the skeleton

A
  • form a sturdy framework for the entire body
  • protects delicate structures
  • stores calcium and salts
  • produces blood cells in red bone marrow
  • works as levers with attached muscles to produce movement
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25
Q

what and where is the haversian canal

A

units of bone tissue around central canal

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26
Q

where is the spongy bone found

A

within the bone (red bone marrow)

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27
Q

what is red marrow and where is it found

A
  • found in the spongy bone and at the end of long bones and at the center of other bones
  • red bone marrow produces blood cells
28
Q

long, multinucleated cells responsible for the process of resorption which help the breakdown of bone tissue

A

osteoclasts

29
Q

builds bone tissue

A

osteoblasts

30
Q

mature osteoblasts that become trapped in the bone matrix, they maintain bone tissue

A

osteocytes

31
Q

a large projection of a bone

A

process

32
Q

a cavity or hollow space, most commonly an air filled chamber found in some skull bone

A

sinus

33
Q

a short channel or passageway usually the external opening of a canal

A

meatus

34
Q

a depression on a bone surface

A

fossa

35
Q

a hole that allows a vessel or a nerve to pass through or between bones

A

foramen

36
Q

a round projection from the surface of the bone

A

condyle

37
Q

2 bones that contribute to the the sides and base of the skull

A

parietal

38
Q

2 bones contribute to the sides and the base of the skull

A

temporal

39
Q

forms the skulls posterior portion and a part of its base

A

occipital

40
Q
  • lies at the base of the skull anterior to the temporal bones and forms part of the eye orbit
  • resemble bat with wings
A

sphenoid bones

41
Q

shape like a blade of a plow, forms the inferior part of the nasal septum

A

vomer

42
Q

light and fragile bones located between the eyes

A

ethmoid

43
Q

when seen from a superior view, it resembles a bat with wing lied at the base of the skull anterior to the temporal bones and part of the eye orbit

A

sphenoid

44
Q

form the posterior part of the hard palate

A

palatine bones

45
Q
  • last bones of ribs that have no anterior attachment
  • 2 of them
A

floating ribs

46
Q

remaining bones after the true bones of rib cage

A

false ribs

47
Q

2 relatively flat bone surfaces slide over each other with little change in the joint angle

A

gliding

48
Q

a convex surface of the one bone that fits into the concave surface of another bone allowing movement in one direction

A

hinge

49
Q

an oval shaped protection of one bone fits into an oval shaped depression

A

condyloid

50
Q

similar to condyloid but deeper and allowing greater ROM

A

saddle

51
Q

surface of one bone fits into a deep cuplike depression in another bone

A

ball and socket

52
Q

which bones contain the foramen magnum

A

the occipital bone

53
Q

what and where an infant soft spot is

A
  • the anterior fontanel
  • posterior fontane
  • sphenoid fontanel
  • the mastoid fontanel
54
Q

how many phalanges are found in each hand

A

14 are found

55
Q

where is the olecranon

A

it’s in the humerus, at the posterior end

56
Q

where is the patella

A
  • it’s in the knee joint
  • it’s a flat, rounded, triangular bone which articulates with femur and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of knee joint
57
Q

what is the proper name for shoulder girdle

A

pectoral girdle

58
Q

where is the acetabulum

A

locates at the top of the femur head and the articular cartilage

59
Q

where is the greater trochanter

A

located at the top of the femur

60
Q

5 differences between the male and female pelvis

A
  • lighter in weight
  • the ilia is wider and more flared
  • the pubic arch
  • the anterior angle between the pelvic bones is wider
  • the pelvic inlet
  • the sider opening powered by the pubic joint and sacrum is wider and more rounded
  • the sacrum and coccyx are shorter and less curved
61
Q

skeletal changes with age

A
  • los of calcium salts
  • decreased ability to form the protien framework ob which calcium salts are deposited
  • cellular metabolism slows
  • bones are eaker, less dense, and more fragile
  • fractures and other bone injuries heal more slowly
  • muscle tissue is lost throughout adult life
  • loss of balance and diminished reflexes
  • decrease in exercise causes the maintenance of bone tissue to decrease
  • loss of height
  • rib cartilages become calcifies and less flexible ans chesty may decrease in diameter by 2-3 cm, mostly the lower part
  • process of calcification so minerals may be deposited i and around the joints causing pain and limiting mobility
62
Q

circular movement at a joint

A

circumduction

63
Q

medial rotation of radius, palm ends in opposite direction compared to supination

A

pronation

64
Q

limb turns round its long axis

A

rotation

65
Q

moving away from the midline of the body

A

abduction

66
Q

moving toward the midline of the body

A

adduction

67
Q

bends the foot upward at the ankle

A

dorsiflexion

68
Q

bends foot downwards

A

plantar flexion

Structure and Function (22 decks)

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