Ch 16 repiratory system Flashcards
lower then normal concentration of oxygen in arterial blood
hypoxemia
oxygen from the atmosphere is taken inside and carbon dioxide produced is taken out
external exchange of breathing
increased rate of respiration
tachypnea
microscopic branch of a bronchus
bronchiole
serous membrane that lines the chest cavity and covers the lungs
pleura
- dome-shaped muscle under the lungs that flattens during inhalation
- a separating membrane or structure
diaphram
tiny air sac in the lungs through which gases are exchanged between the outside air and the blood
alveoli
nerve that activates the diaphragm
phrenic nerve
- structure between the pharynx and trachea that contains the vocal chords
- voice box
larynx
iron-contaning protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen
hemoglobin
- drawing of air into the lungs
- inspiration
inhalation
leaf-shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing
epiglottis
phase of respiration when the diaphragm contracts
inhalation
phase of respiration when the diaphragm expands
exhalation
where does the oxygen and CO2 diffuse in the lungs art which sites the alveoli or the blood
alveoli
3 portions of the pharynx
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
where is the pleural space located
- between 2 layers of the pleura
- contains a thin film of fluid that lubricated the membranes
- pleura fluid helps lungs expand and contract during breathing without separating from the chest wall
what forms the Adams apple
thyroid cartilage protruding at anterior of neck
where would you find cartilage rings in relation to the respiratory system
trachea
parts of the nasal septum
- superior portion by thin plate of ethmoid bone
- inferior portion is formed by the Vomer
- an anterior extension of the septum is made of hyalive cartilage
how carbon dioxide is transported in the blood
- dissolved in the plasma and fluid within RBC, combined with the protein portion of hemoglobin with plasma protein
- transported on a bicarbonate ion
how oxygen is transported in the blood
- 1.5% of the oxygen in blood is carried in solution in the plasma
- 98.5% of the oxygen that diffuse into the capillary blood in the lungs bond to hemoglobin in the red blood cells
- transported in blood by diffusion
how oxygen is transported from the lungs into the blood
hemoglobin molecules inside RBC pick up and carry the oxygen
these oxygen-rich cell travel into the blood vessels from the lungs to the left side of the heart
the blood is then pumped down the body
- by alvioli becaise of exchange between alveli and blood
difficulty breathing when lying down that relieved by sitting or standing up
orthopnea
low levels of oxygen in the blood
hypoxemia
nas/o
nose
or/o
mouth
laryng/o
- larynx
- voice box
pleur/o
pleura
spir/o
breathing
capn/o
carbon dioxide
-pnea
breathing
orth/o
- straight
- upright
an increase in the depth and rate of breathing to meet the body’s metabolic needs, as in excersize
hyperpnea
decrease in the rate and depth of breathing
hypopnea
an excessive rate of breathing that may be normal, as in excersize
tachypnea
temporary cessation of breathing
apnea
