Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

anion

A

negatively charged particles (ion)

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2
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in an atom
- also represents all electrons orbiting

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3
Q

carbon

A

element that is the basis of organic chemistry

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4
Q

basic or alkaline

A

pH scale of 7.45 -14

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5
Q

compounds

A

substance composed of two or more chemical elements

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6
Q

covalent bonds

A

chemical bond formed but the sharing of electrons between atoms

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7
Q

electrocardiogram

A

heart’d electrical activity

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8
Q

electrolytes

A

compound that separates into ions in solution (ex: water); substance that conductis an electric current in a solution

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9
Q

electrons

A

negatively charged particle located in an energy level outside of an atom’s nucleus

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10
Q

enzymes

A

a protein that accelerates(catalyze or speeds up) a specific chemical reaction

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11
Q

hydrogen

A

greater concentration makes it more acidic

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12
Q

ion

A

atom or molecule with an electrical charge; anion or cation (acquired a charge either positive or negative)

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13
Q

isotopes

A

form of an elements that has the same number as another form of that element but a different atomic weight; isotopes differ in their number of neutrons

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14
Q

how to calculate atomic number

A

the atomic number is equal to the number of protons as well as the number of electrons given that it is a neutral atom

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15
Q

mixture

A

blend of two or more substances

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16
Q

evenly distributed mixtures are called…

A

homogeneous solution

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17
Q

molecules

A

bonding of 2 or more atoms

18
Q

neutron

A

non-charged particle in an atom’s nucleus

19
Q

nitrogen

A

chemical found in all proteins
- sugar does not contain nitrogen

20
Q

non-separating mixture

A

suspension with colloid (ex:mist) (more on pg 27)

21
Q

organic compounds

A

complex componds that characteriza all livin thing
- ALWAYS contain carbon
- usually contain hydrogen and oxygen as well

22
Q

pH

A

symbol indicating hydrogen ion (H+) concentration; lower numbers indicate a higher H+ concentration and higher acidity

23
Q

poly-

A

means “many”; used to form the names of polymers

24
Q

positive charged neutrons

A

protons and/or cations

25
protons
positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus (anion)
26
simple form of a carbohydrate
a monosaccharide
27
solute
substance that is dissolved in another substance
28
solvent
substance in which another substance is dissolved in
29
sub unit form of atom
protons, neutrons, electrons
30
suspension
heterogeneous mixture that will separate unless shaken
31
What are enzymes made of?
proteins that are made by amino acids linked together in one or more polypeptide chain
32
What are proteins made of?
amino acids
33
What donates hydrogen?
acids
34
What accepts hydrogen?
bases
35
an increase in hydrogen causes...
an increase in acidity
36
an increase in hydroxide causes...
an increase in alkalinity (basic)
37
What helps build bone?
calcium
38
What is a hydrophobic substance?
something composed of nonpolar molecules that repels water (ex: fats or oils)
39
What is a salt made of?
sodium (Na) amd chloride (Cl)
40
What makes up water?
2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
41
What substance ends with -ase?
enzymes
42
cation
positive ions, protons