Chapter 2 Flashcards
anion
negatively charged particles (ion)
atomic number
the number of protons in an atom
- also represents all electrons orbiting
carbon
element that is the basis of organic chemistry
basic or alkaline
pH scale of 7.45 -14
compounds
substance composed of two or more chemical elements
covalent bonds
chemical bond formed but the sharing of electrons between atoms
electrocardiogram
heart’d electrical activity
electrolytes
compound that separates into ions in solution (ex: water); substance that conductis an electric current in a solution
electrons
negatively charged particle located in an energy level outside of an atom’s nucleus
enzymes
a protein that accelerates(catalyze or speeds up) a specific chemical reaction
hydrogen
greater concentration makes it more acidic
ion
atom or molecule with an electrical charge; anion or cation (acquired a charge either positive or negative)
isotopes
form of an elements that has the same number as another form of that element but a different atomic weight; isotopes differ in their number of neutrons
how to calculate atomic number
the atomic number is equal to the number of protons as well as the number of electrons given that it is a neutral atom
mixture
blend of two or more substances
evenly distributed mixtures are called…
homogeneous solution
molecules
bonding of 2 or more atoms
neutron
non-charged particle in an atom’s nucleus
nitrogen
chemical found in all proteins
- sugar does not contain nitrogen
non-separating mixture
suspension with colloid (ex:mist) (more on pg 27)
organic compounds
complex componds that characteriza all livin thing
- ALWAYS contain carbon
- usually contain hydrogen and oxygen as well
pH
symbol indicating hydrogen ion (H+) concentration; lower numbers indicate a higher H+ concentration and higher acidity
poly-
means “many”; used to form the names of polymers
positive charged neutrons
protons and/or cations
protons
positively charged particle in an atom’s nucleus (anion)
simple form of a carbohydrate
a monosaccharide
solute
substance that is dissolved in another substance
solvent
substance in which another substance is dissolved in
sub unit form of atom
protons, neutrons, electrons
suspension
heterogeneous mixture that will separate unless shaken
What are enzymes made of?
proteins that are made by amino acids linked together in one or more polypeptide chain
What are proteins made of?
amino acids
What donates hydrogen?
acids
What accepts hydrogen?
bases
an increase in hydrogen causes…
an increase in acidity
an increase in hydroxide causes…
an increase in alkalinity (basic)
What helps build bone?
calcium
What is a hydrophobic substance?
something composed of nonpolar molecules that repels water (ex: fats or oils)
What is a salt made of?
sodium (Na) amd chloride (Cl)
What makes up water?
2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
What substance ends with -ase?
enzymes
cation
positive ions, protons
