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Structure and Function > ch 19 > Flashcards

ch 19 Flashcards

1
Q

the urinary system secretes

A

urine

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2
Q

the digestive system secretes

A

stool waste

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3
Q

the respiratory system secretes

A

CO2

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4
Q

the integumentary system secretes

A

sweat

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5
Q

how does urine move from the kidneys to the bladder

A

two ureters

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6
Q

what fibrous connective tissue surrounds the kidneys

A

renal capsule

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7
Q

trigone

A

triangular-shaped region in the floor of the bladder

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8
Q

organs of the urinary system

A
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
  • meatus
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9
Q

enlarged portion of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus

A

Bowman capsule

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10
Q

small blood vessel that supplies the glomerulus with blood

A

afferent arteriole

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11
Q

controls water reabsorption

A

Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)

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12
Q
  • promotes reabsorption of Na+
  • produced in adrenal cortex
  • adrenal steroid
A

aldesterone

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13
Q

where is the thirst center located

A

hypothalamus

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14
Q

what abdominal organ controls salt excersion

A

kidneys

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15
Q

intracellular

A

in-between

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16
Q

extracellular

A

outside

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17
Q
  • movement of molecules in and out of a cell from Low to High
  • requires energy
A

active transport

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18
Q
  • movement of solutes from High to Low
  • does not require energy
A

diffusion

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19
Q
  • movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane
  • high to low movement
A

osmosis

20
Q

nitrogenous waste product

A

urea

21
Q

what is the specific gravity of urine

A
  • the amount of dissolved substances in urine
  • 1.002 (dilute) - 1.040 (concentrated)
22
Q
  • movement of materials under pressure
  • glomerulus –> glomerular capsule
A

glomerular filtration

23
Q

what happens between the glomerulus and the bowman capsule

A

nephron’s filtering device

24
Q

the small coiled tube that creates urine

A

nephron

25
Q

the section of nephron forming a U-shaped tube

A

loop of Henle

26
Q

the blood vessels that surround the loop of Henle are…

A
  • vasa recta
  • peritubular capillaries
27
Q

which system secretes the largest volume of water

A

urinary system

28
Q

what does retroperitoneal mean

A

poeterior to the peritoneum

29
Q

3 parts of the kidney

A
  • renal cortex
  • renal medulla
  • renal pelvis
  • capsule, nephron
30
Q

the path of a blood cell as it passes through the kidney

A
  • renal artery
  • afferent arterioles
  • glomerulus
  • efferent arteriole
  • peritubular
  • renal veins
31
Q

what does the proximal convoluted tubule do

A
  • drains to Loop of Henle
  • reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, and peptides
32
Q
  • composed of cells of afferent arteriole and distal tubule
  • synthesized renin in response to low blood pressure
A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

33
Q

actively transports specific substances from the peritubular capillary (blood) into the nephron tubule

A

tubular secretion

34
Q

a short segment of a nephron that regulates homeostasis

A

distal convolutes tubule

35
Q
  • filter waste from blood
  • reabsorb nutrients
A

peritubular capillaries

36
Q

why would ADH increase

A

water retention –> collecting duct

37
Q

what is the daily urine output of an adult

A

1-1.5L

38
Q
  • the act of urination
  • voiding of the urinary bladder
A

Micturition

39
Q

what does urine normally contain

A
  • 50% urea and uric acid
  • creatine
  • electrolytes
  • pigments
40
Q

fluid that drains from tissues into the lymphatic system
- low levels of K+, less than 1% of body weight

A

lymph

41
Q

water levels in the body are maintained by…

A

the hypothalamus

42
Q

what do the kidneys directly influence

A
  • blood pressure
  • fluid balance
  • hormones
43
Q

how do cations play a major role in bone formation

A

Ca+ is required for bone formation

44
Q

promotes Na retention

A

aldosterone

45
Q

how does ADH relate to water intake

A

it increases water adsorption

46
Q

removal of the kidney

A

nephrectomy

Structure and Function (22 decks)

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