ch 19 Flashcards
the urinary system secretes
urine
the digestive system secretes
stool waste
the respiratory system secretes
CO2
the integumentary system secretes
sweat
how does urine move from the kidneys to the bladder
two ureters
what fibrous connective tissue surrounds the kidneys
renal capsule
trigone
triangular-shaped region in the floor of the bladder
organs of the urinary system
- kidneys
- ureters
- urinary bladder
- urethra
- meatus
enlarged portion of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus
Bowman capsule
small blood vessel that supplies the glomerulus with blood
afferent arteriole
controls water reabsorption
Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)
- promotes reabsorption of Na+
- produced in adrenal cortex
- adrenal steroid
aldesterone
where is the thirst center located
hypothalamus
what abdominal organ controls salt excersion
kidneys
intracellular
in-between
extracellular
outside
- movement of molecules in and out of a cell from Low to High
- requires energy
active transport
- movement of solutes from High to Low
- does not require energy
diffusion
- movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane
- high to low movement
osmosis
nitrogenous waste product
urea
what is the specific gravity of urine
- the amount of dissolved substances in urine
- 1.002 (dilute) - 1.040 (concentrated)
- movement of materials under pressure
- glomerulus –> glomerular capsule
glomerular filtration
what happens between the glomerulus and the bowman capsule
nephron’s filtering device
the small coiled tube that creates urine
nephron
the section of nephron forming a U-shaped tube
loop of Henle
the blood vessels that surround the loop of Henle are…
- vasa recta
- peritubular capillaries
which system secretes the largest volume of water
urinary system
what does retroperitoneal mean
poeterior to the peritoneum
3 parts of the kidney
- renal cortex
- renal medulla
- renal pelvis
- capsule, nephron
the path of a blood cell as it passes through the kidney
- renal artery
- afferent arterioles
- glomerulus
- efferent arteriole
- peritubular
- renal veins
what does the proximal convoluted tubule do
- drains to Loop of Henle
- reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, and peptides
- composed of cells of afferent arteriole and distal tubule
- synthesized renin in response to low blood pressure
juxtaglomerular apparatus
actively transports specific substances from the peritubular capillary (blood) into the nephron tubule
tubular secretion
a short segment of a nephron that regulates homeostasis
distal convolutes tubule
- filter waste from blood
- reabsorb nutrients
peritubular capillaries
why would ADH increase
water retention –> collecting duct
what is the daily urine output of an adult
1-1.5L
- the act of urination
- voiding of the urinary bladder
Micturition
what does urine normally contain
- 50% urea and uric acid
- creatine
- electrolytes
- pigments
fluid that drains from tissues into the lymphatic system
- low levels of K+, less than 1% of body weight
lymph
water levels in the body are maintained by…
the hypothalamus
what do the kidneys directly influence
- blood pressure
- fluid balance
- hormones
how do cations play a major role in bone formation
Ca+ is required for bone formation
promotes Na retention
aldosterone
how does ADH relate to water intake
it increases water adsorption
removal of the kidney
nephrectomy
