Ch 12 - respiratory system Flashcards
adenoid/o
adenoids
alveol/o
- alveolus
- air sac
- bronch/o
- branchi/o
- bronchial tube
- bronchus
bronchiol/o
- bronchiole
- small bronchus
capn/o
carbon dioxide
coni/o
dust
cyan/o
blue
epiglott/o
epiglottis
laryng/o
- larynx
- voice box
lob/o
lobe of the lung
mediastin/o
mediastinum
nas/o
nose
orth/o
- straight
- upright
ox/o
oxygen
pector/o
chest
pharyng/o
- pharynx
- voice
phon/o
voice
phren/o
diaphragm
pleur/o
pleura
- pneum/o
- pneumon/o
- air
- lung
rhin/o
nose
pulmon/o
lung
sinus/o
- sinus
- cavity
spir/o
breathing
tel/o
complete
thorac/o
chest
tonsill/o
tonsils
trache/o
- trachea
- windpipe
-ema
condition
-osmia
smell
-pnea
breathing
-ptysis
spitting
-sphyxia
pulse
-thorax
- pleural cavity
- chest
- lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx
- pharyngeal tonsils
adenoids
air sac in the lung
alveolus
tip or uppermost part of the lung
apex of the lung
pertaining to or located at the apex
apical
lower portion of the lung
base of the lung
means located at or in the base
basilar
smallest branches of the bronchi
bronchioles
branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung
bronchus
gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine
carbon dioxide
- thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract
- clear bacteria and foreign substances from lungs
cilia
muscle separating the chest and the abdomen
diaphragm
- lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx
- prevents food from entering the larynx and trachea before swallowing
epiglottis
- breathing out
- expiration
exhalation
slit-like opening to the larynx
glottis
mid-line region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs
hilum of the lung
- breathing in
- inspiration
inhalation
voice box
larynx
division of a lung
lobe
region between lungs in the chest cavity
mediastinum
openings through the carrying air into the nasal cavities
nares
gas that makes up 21 percent of the air we breathe
oxygen
one pair of almond shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx
palatine tonsil
one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose
paranasal sinus
outer layer of pleura laying closer to the ribs and chest wall
parietal pleura
throat
pharynx
double-layered membrane surrounding each lung
pleura
space between the layers of the pleura
pleural cavity
- essential parts of the lung
- responsible for respiration
pulmonary parenchyma
exchange of gases
respiration
windpipe
trachea
inner layer of pleura laying closer to the lung tissue
visceral pleura
listening to sounds within the body
auscultation
tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure
percussion
scratching sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other
pleural rub
fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli
rales (crackles)
loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum
rhonchi
material expelled from bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting
sputum
strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx
stridor
continuous high-pitch
whistling sounds produced during breathing
wheezes
nosebleed
epistaxis
chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchiolar edema and constriction
asthma
- inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time
- type of obstructive pulmonary disease
chronic bronchitis
chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection
bronchiectasis
- acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx
- accompanied by barking cough and stridor
croup
acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium
diphtheria
- whooping cough
- contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea
pertussis
inherited disorder of endocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally
cystic fibrosis
- collapsed lung
- incomplete expansion of alveoli
atelectasis
hyperinflation of air space with destruction of alveolar walls
emphysema
malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi
lung cancer
abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts
pneumoconiosis
acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus of production of the inflammatory reaction
pneumonia
large collection of pus in the lungs
pulmonary abscess
fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
pulmonary edema
clot of other material lodges in vessels of the lung
pulmonary embolism
formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs
pulmonary fibrosis
chronic inflammatory disease in which smaller nodules develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs
sarcoidosis
infections disease; lungs are usually involved
tuberculosis
rare and malignant tumor arising in the pleura
mesothelioma
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)
pleural effusion
inflammation of the pleura
pleurisy (pleuritis)
collection of air in the pleural space
pneumothorax
coal dust accumulates in the lungs
anthracosis
asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs
asbestosis
rod-shaped bacteria
bacilli
chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease
cor pulmonale
fluid, cells, and other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation
exudates
collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radio logic image
infiltrate
relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease
pallative
pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm or a seizure
paroxysmal
oxysm/o
sudden
area of necrosis (death of lung tissue)
pulmonary infarction
containing pus
purulent
- disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs
- occurs in mining occupations
silicosis
radio graphic image of the thoracic cavity
chest x-ray
competed-generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes
computed tomography (CT) scan of chest
magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal lateral, and cross sectional planes
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest
radioactive glucose is injected, and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs
positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung
detection device records radioactivity in the lung after intravenous injection of a radioisotope and inhalation of a small amount of radioactive gas
ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan
fiber-optic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes
bronchoscopy
placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway
endotracheal intubation
visual examination of the voice box
laryngoscopy
removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination
lung biopsy
endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum
mediastinoscopy
tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
needle is inserted into pleural space to remove access fluid
thoracentesis
large surgical incision of the chest
thoracotomy
visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope
thoracoscopy (thorascopy)
surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck
tracheostomy
determines part of present tuberculous exposure based in a positive skin reaction
tuberculin test
flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest
tube thoracostomy
