Chapter 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Thymine
A
pairs with adenine
2
Q
interphase
A
inbetween mitosis (between one cell division and the next)
3
Q
nucleus
A
control center of the cell
4
Q
translation
A
- the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates
- SYNTHESIZING PROTEINS (ribosomes participate in that)
5
Q
lysosomes
A
- contain digestive enzymes
- helps remove waste from cell
6
Q
phagocytosis
A
- engulfs large particles
- contains lysosomes
7
Q
cilia
A
- short, hairlike projections from the cell move the fluids around the cell
- lines lungs and airways
8
Q
microvilli
A
short extensions of the plasma membrane which allows the absorption of materials into the cell
9
Q
osmosis
A
the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane
10
Q
flagellum
A
- long, whiplike extension from the cell
- moves the cell
- found on sperm
11
Q
DNA
A
- aka deoxyribose nucleic acid; makes up the chromosomes, hereditary units that control all cellular activities
- divided into genes that carry the nucleotide codes for the manufacture of proteins
- GENETIC MATERIAL
- SUBSTANCE THAT MAKES UP GENES
12
Q
hypotonic
A
- a solution that is less concentrated than the cytoplasm
- lower concentration than fluid in the cell
13
Q
cytoplasm
A
- colloid that fills the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane
- site of many cellular activities
- consists of cytosol and organelles - - BETWEEN NUCLEAR MEMBRANE AND PLASMA MEMBRANE
- CONTAINS CYTOSOL AND ORGANELLES
14
Q
uracil
A
pairs with adenine in RNA
15
Q
iso-
A
- same
- equal
16
Q
functions of carbohydrates in the plasma membrane
A
cell recognition which leads to cell attachment
17
Q
organelles involved in the process of translation
A
- ribosomes (helps assemble amino acids in chain)
- nucleolus (helps build ribosomes)
- site of attachment in rough ER
18
Q
endosome
A
a collection of intracellular sorting organelles in eukaryotic cells
19
Q
pino
A
- to drink
20
Q
Hypotonic
A
- a solution that is less concentrated
- low
21
Q
hypertonic
A
- a solution that is greatly concentrated
- high
22
Q
simple diffusion
A
small non-charged molecules or lipid soluble molecules pass between the phospholipids to enter or leave the cell, moving from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
23
Q
facilitated diffusion
A
- the transport of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of a transport molecule
- MOVE UP CONCENTRATION GRADIENT WITH HELP
24
Q
active transport
A
- refers to the movement of solutes against their concentration gradients using membrane transporters
- LOW TO HIGH USES ATP AGAINST GRADIENT
25
phagocytosis
negatively large particles are engulfed by the plasma membrane and moved into the cell
26
phases of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
27
phases of meiosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
28
What is transcription?
process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
28
translation
synthesis of RNA
29
function of ribosomes
the site of protein synthesis in the cell
30
Where are proteins manufactured?
in the ribosomes
31
function of mitochondria
- large organelles with internal folded membranes
- converts nutrients into ATP (energy)
32
function of Nucleoli
- small body in the nucleus;
- makes ribosomes
33
centrioles
- rod-shaped bodies (usually two) near the nucleus
- helps separate the chromosomes during cell division
34
golgi apparatus
- layer of membranes
- further modifies proteins
- sorts and prepares proteins for transport to other parts of the cell or out of the cell
- SORTS AND PREPARES PROTEINS FOR TRANSPORT
35
parts of cell membrane include...
- channel
- linker
- cell identity markers
- transporter
36
channel
- pores in the membrane that allow passage of specific substances, such as ions
- ALLOWS SPECIFIC SUBSTANCES TO ENTER TO LEAVE
37
linker
- help stabilize the plasma membrane and attach cells together - ATTACHING MEMBRANE PROTEIN THAT ATTACHES CELLS TO OTHER CELLS
38
cell identity markers
- proteins unique to a person’s cells
- important in the immune system and in transplantation of tissue from one person to another
- EACH PERSON hAs THEIR OWN
39
transporter
- proteins that change shape as they shuttle substances, such as glucose, across the membrane
- ONE SIDE OF MEMBRANE TO THE OTHER
40
a solid membrane
when nothinh can get throigh the membrane
41
a permeable membrane
is when a lot can get through the membrane
42
severely permeable membrane
- when only certain things can get through the membrane
- the cell membrane is selectively permeable
43
Microscope uses what kind of measurement?
micrometer
44
What is the layer around the cell membrane made out of?
phospholipids
