Chapter 3 Flashcards
Thymine
pairs with adenine
interphase
inbetween mitosis (between one cell division and the next)
nucleus
control center of the cell
translation
- the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates
- SYNTHESIZING PROTEINS (ribosomes participate in that)
lysosomes
- contain digestive enzymes
- helps remove waste from cell
phagocytosis
- engulfs large particles
- contains lysosomes
cilia
- short, hairlike projections from the cell move the fluids around the cell
- lines lungs and airways
microvilli
short extensions of the plasma membrane which allows the absorption of materials into the cell
osmosis
the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane
flagellum
- long, whiplike extension from the cell
- moves the cell
- found on sperm
DNA
- aka deoxyribose nucleic acid; makes up the chromosomes, hereditary units that control all cellular activities
- divided into genes that carry the nucleotide codes for the manufacture of proteins
- GENETIC MATERIAL
- SUBSTANCE THAT MAKES UP GENES
hypotonic
- a solution that is less concentrated than the cytoplasm
- lower concentration than fluid in the cell
cytoplasm
- colloid that fills the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane
- site of many cellular activities
- consists of cytosol and organelles - - BETWEEN NUCLEAR MEMBRANE AND PLASMA MEMBRANE
- CONTAINS CYTOSOL AND ORGANELLES
uracil
pairs with adenine in RNA
iso-
- same
- equal
functions of carbohydrates in the plasma membrane
cell recognition which leads to cell attachment
organelles involved in the process of translation
- ribosomes (helps assemble amino acids in chain)
- nucleolus (helps build ribosomes)
- site of attachment in rough ER
endosome
a collection of intracellular sorting organelles in eukaryotic cells
pino
- to drink
Hypotonic
- a solution that is less concentrated
- low
hypertonic
- a solution that is greatly concentrated
- high
simple diffusion
small non-charged molecules or lipid soluble molecules pass between the phospholipids to enter or leave the cell, moving from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
facilitated diffusion
- the transport of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of a transport molecule
- MOVE UP CONCENTRATION GRADIENT WITH HELP
active transport
- refers to the movement of solutes against their concentration gradients using membrane transporters
- LOW TO HIGH USES ATP AGAINST GRADIENT
phagocytosis
negatively large particles are engulfed by the plasma membrane and moved into the cell
phases of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
phases of meiosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
What is transcription?
process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
translation
synthesis of RNA
function of ribosomes
the site of protein synthesis in the cell
Where are proteins manufactured?
in the ribosomes
function of mitochondria
- large organelles with internal folded membranes
- converts nutrients into ATP (energy)
function of Nucleoli
- small body in the nucleus;
- makes ribosomes
centrioles
- rod-shaped bodies (usually two) near the nucleus
- helps separate the chromosomes during cell division
golgi apparatus
- layer of membranes
- further modifies proteins
- sorts and prepares proteins for transport to other parts of the cell or out of the cell
- SORTS AND PREPARES PROTEINS FOR TRANSPORT
parts of cell membrane include…
- channel
- linker
- cell identity markers
- transporter
channel
- pores in the membrane that allow passage of specific substances, such as ions
- ALLOWS SPECIFIC SUBSTANCES TO ENTER TO LEAVE
linker
- help stabilize the plasma membrane and attach cells together - ATTACHING MEMBRANE PROTEIN THAT ATTACHES CELLS TO OTHER CELLS
cell identity markers
- proteins unique to a person’s cells
- important in the immune system and in transplantation of tissue from one person to another
- EACH PERSON hAs THEIR OWN
transporter
- proteins that change shape as they shuttle substances, such as glucose, across the membrane
- ONE SIDE OF MEMBRANE TO THE OTHER
a solid membrane
when nothinh can get throigh the membrane
a permeable membrane
is when a lot can get through the membrane
severely permeable membrane
- when only certain things can get through the membrane
- the cell membrane is selectively permeable
Microscope uses what kind of measurement?
micrometer
What is the layer around the cell membrane made out of?
phospholipids
