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Structure and Function > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Thymine

A

pairs with adenine

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2
Q

interphase

A

inbetween mitosis (between one cell division and the next)

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3
Q

nucleus

A

control center of the cell

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4
Q

translation

A
  • the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates
  • SYNTHESIZING PROTEINS (ribosomes participate in that)
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5
Q

lysosomes

A
  • contain digestive enzymes
  • helps remove waste from cell
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6
Q

phagocytosis

A
  • engulfs large particles
  • contains lysosomes
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7
Q

cilia

A
  • short, hairlike projections from the cell move the fluids around the cell
  • lines lungs and airways
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8
Q

microvilli

A

short extensions of the plasma membrane which allows the absorption of materials into the cell

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9
Q

osmosis

A

the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

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10
Q

flagellum

A
  • long, whiplike extension from the cell
  • moves the cell
  • found on sperm
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11
Q

DNA

A
  • aka deoxyribose nucleic acid; makes up the chromosomes, hereditary units that control all cellular activities
  • divided into genes that carry the nucleotide codes for the manufacture of proteins
  • GENETIC MATERIAL
  • SUBSTANCE THAT MAKES UP GENES
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12
Q

hypotonic

A
  • a solution that is less concentrated than the cytoplasm
  • lower concentration than fluid in the cell
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13
Q

cytoplasm

A
  • colloid that fills the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane
  • site of many cellular activities
  • consists of cytosol and organelles - - BETWEEN NUCLEAR MEMBRANE AND PLASMA MEMBRANE
  • CONTAINS CYTOSOL AND ORGANELLES
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14
Q

uracil

A

pairs with adenine in RNA

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15
Q

iso-

A
  • same
  • equal
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16
Q

functions of carbohydrates in the plasma membrane

A

cell recognition which leads to cell attachment

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17
Q

organelles involved in the process of translation

A
  • ribosomes (helps assemble amino acids in chain)
  • nucleolus (helps build ribosomes)
  • site of attachment in rough ER
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18
Q

endosome

A

a collection of intracellular sorting organelles in eukaryotic cells

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19
Q

pino

A
  • to drink
20
Q

Hypotonic

A
  • a solution that is less concentrated
  • low
21
Q

hypertonic

A
  • a solution that is greatly concentrated
  • high
22
Q

simple diffusion

A

small non-charged molecules or lipid soluble molecules pass between the phospholipids to enter or leave the cell, moving from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

23
Q

facilitated diffusion

A
  • the transport of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of a transport molecule
  • MOVE UP CONCENTRATION GRADIENT WITH HELP
24
Q

active transport

A
  • refers to the movement of solutes against their concentration gradients using membrane transporters
  • LOW TO HIGH USES ATP AGAINST GRADIENT
25
Q

phagocytosis

A

negatively large particles are engulfed by the plasma membrane and moved into the cell

26
Q

phases of mitosis

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

27
Q

phases of meiosis

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

28
Q

What is transcription?

A

process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA

28
Q

translation

A

synthesis of RNA

29
Q

function of ribosomes

A

the site of protein synthesis in the cell

30
Q

Where are proteins manufactured?

A

in the ribosomes

31
Q

function of mitochondria

A
  • large organelles with internal folded membranes
  • converts nutrients into ATP (energy)
32
Q

function of Nucleoli

A
  • small body in the nucleus;
  • makes ribosomes
33
Q

centrioles

A
  • rod-shaped bodies (usually two) near the nucleus
  • helps separate the chromosomes during cell division
34
Q

golgi apparatus

A
  • layer of membranes
  • further modifies proteins
  • sorts and prepares proteins for transport to other parts of the cell or out of the cell
  • SORTS AND PREPARES PROTEINS FOR TRANSPORT
35
Q

parts of cell membrane include…

A
  • channel
  • linker
  • cell identity markers
  • transporter
36
Q

channel

A
  • pores in the membrane that allow passage of specific substances, such as ions
  • ALLOWS SPECIFIC SUBSTANCES TO ENTER TO LEAVE
37
Q

linker

A
  • help stabilize the plasma membrane and attach cells together - ATTACHING MEMBRANE PROTEIN THAT ATTACHES CELLS TO OTHER CELLS
38
Q

cell identity markers

A
  • proteins unique to a person’s cells
  • important in the immune system and in transplantation of tissue from one person to another
  • EACH PERSON hAs THEIR OWN
39
Q

transporter

A
  • proteins that change shape as they shuttle substances, such as glucose, across the membrane
  • ONE SIDE OF MEMBRANE TO THE OTHER
40
Q

a solid membrane

A

when nothinh can get throigh the membrane

41
Q

a permeable membrane

A

is when a lot can get through the membrane

42
Q

severely permeable membrane

A
  • when only certain things can get through the membrane
  • the cell membrane is selectively permeable
43
Q

Microscope uses what kind of measurement?

A

micrometer

44
Q

What is the layer around the cell membrane made out of?

A

phospholipids

Structure and Function (22 decks)

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