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Structure and Function > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

levels of organization

A

chemicals →cells →tissues →organs →systems →organism

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2
Q

Integumentary system

A

protective covering of the body and consists of the skin, hair, and sweat glands

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3
Q

skeletal system

A

forms the framework of the body, and consists of bones and ligaments

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4
Q

Muscular system

A

produces movement and maintains posture

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5
Q

Nervous system

A

transmits impulses to coordinate body activities, chemical messengers that regulate body activities, and consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense receptors

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6
Q

Endocrine system

A

glands that secrete hormones and chemical messengers that regulate body activities

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7
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

transports nutrients, hormones, and oxygen and consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels

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8
Q

Lymphatic system

A

cleanses lymph and returns it to the blood and consists of the tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus

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9
Q

Respiratory system

A

consists of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs

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10
Q

Digestive system

A

processes food into usable molecules and consists of the esophagus, stomach, liver, and pancreas

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11
Q

Urinary system

A

removes nitrogenous wastes from the blood and regulates fluid and chemical content of the body

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12
Q

Reproductive system

A

ovaries and testes

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13
Q

Catabolism

A

the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones using the release of energy

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14
Q

Anabolism

A

the synthesis of complex molecules in living molecules using simpler ones due to the absorption of energy

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15
Q

What is the energy storing compound?

A

ATP (adenine triphosphate)

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16
Q

examples of extracellular fluid

A
  • blood
  • plasma
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17
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Homeostasis is the body’s ability to maintain an internal balance
- body is always fighting to stay in optimal variables

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18
Q

Directional Terms

A
  • superior and inferior
  • anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal)
  • medial and lateral
  • proximal and distal
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19
Q

superior and inferior

A

superior –> above
inferior –> below

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20
Q

anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal)

A

anterior (ventral) –> front
posterior (dorsal) –> behind

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21
Q

medial and lateral

A

medial –> inside
lateral –> outside

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22
Q

proximal and distal

A

proximal –> close to the body
distal –> away from the body

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23
Q

planes of division

A
  • frontal plane
  • sagittal plane
  • transverse plane
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24
Q

frontal plane

A

separates anterior from posterior

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25
Q

What is the frontal plane also known as?

A

coronal plane

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26
Q

sagittal plane

A

separates right of body from left of body

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27
Q

transverse plane

A

separates superior from inferior

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28
Q

What muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity?

A

the diaphram

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29
Q

study of body function and disease

A

physiology

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30
Q

level of organization of the body

A

chemicals →cells →tissues →organs →systems →organism

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31
Q

system that transports blood

A

circulatory system

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32
Q

system that is made of bones and joints

A

skeletal system

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33
Q

term that defines all reactions that sustain life

A

metabolism

34
Q

simple compounds into more complex compounds

A

anabolic reactions

35
Q

What reaction is the breakdown of glycogen?

A

catabolic

36
Q

principles of negative feedback

A

what goes up must go down
- sensor –> measures the level of the variable
- control center –> compares sensor inputs with set points
- effector –> increases or decreases activity
- signals –> carry information between the components

37
Q

negative feedback

A

keeps the body conditions within a normal range by reversing and upward or downward shifts

38
Q

organs in dorsal cavity

A
  • cranial
  • brain
  • spinal chord
38
Q

principles of homeostasis

A
  • regulated variables that must be kept within a narrow range (set point)
  • regulated variables include:
    –> body temp
    –> volume and composition of body fluids
    –> blood levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
    –> blood pressure
39
Q

organs in abdominopelvic cavity

A
  • stomach
  • intestines
  • bladder
  • kidney
  • spleen
  • gallbladder
  • pancreas
  • liver
40
Q

organs in pelvic cavity

A
  • bladder
  • rectum
  • internal parts of the reproductive system
  • urinary bladder
41
Q

divisions of the Abdomen and their regions

A
  • Right upper quadrant →right hypochondriac region, right lumbar region, umbilical region, epigastric region
    Left upper quadrant →left hypochondriac region, left lumbar region, umbilical region, epigastric region
    Right lower quadrant → right lumbar region, right iliac region, umbilical region, hypogastric region
    Left lower quadrant → left lumbar region, left iliac region, umbilical region, hypogastric region
42
Q

cranial

A

skull

43
Q

facial

A

face

44
Q

cephalic

A

head

45
Q

thoracic

A

chest

46
Q

brachial

A

arm

47
Q

antebrachial

A

forearm

48
Q

carpal

A

wrist

49
Q

manual

A

hand

50
Q

femoral

A

thigh

51
Q

crural

A

leg

52
Q

pedal

A

foot

53
Q

frontal

A

forehead

54
Q

ocular

A

eye

55
Q

oral

A

mouth

56
Q

mammary

A

breast

57
Q

axillary

A

armpit

58
Q

antecubital

A

inner elbow

59
Q

umbilical

A

navel

60
Q

inguinal

A

groin

61
Q

phalangeal

A

toes

62
Q

parietal

A

crown

63
Q

occipital

A

base of skull

64
Q

cervical

A

neck

65
Q

deltoid

A

lateral shoulder

66
Q

lumbar

A

small of back

67
Q

sacral

A

sacrum

68
Q

gluteal

A

buttock

69
Q

popliteal

A

back of knee

70
Q

plantar

A

sole of foot

71
Q

acromial

A

shoulder

72
Q

scapular

A

shoulder blade

73
Q

iliac

A

hip

74
Q

sural

A

calf

75
Q

calcaneal

A

heel

76
Q

organs in thoracic cavity

A

heart and lungs

77
Q

cranial

A

near or to the head

78
Q

metabolism

A

sustains life

79
Q

patellar

A

kneecap

80
Q

tarsal

A

ankle

Structure and Function (22 decks)

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