Chapter 1

Question 1

levels of organization

Answer 1

chemicals →cells →tissues →organs →systems →organism

Question 2

Integumentary system

Answer 2

protective covering of the body and consists of the skin, hair, and sweat glands

Question 3

skeletal system

Answer 3

forms the framework of the body, and consists of bones and ligaments

Question 4

Muscular system

Answer 4

produces movement and maintains posture

Question 5

Nervous system

Answer 5

transmits impulses to coordinate body activities, chemical messengers that regulate body activities, and consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense receptors

Question 6

Endocrine system

Answer 6

glands that secrete hormones and chemical messengers that regulate body activities

Question 7

Cardiovascular system

Answer 7

transports nutrients, hormones, and oxygen and consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels

Question 8

Lymphatic system

Answer 8

cleanses lymph and returns it to the blood and consists of the tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus

Question 9

Respiratory system

Answer 9

consists of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs

Question 10

Digestive system

Answer 10

processes food into usable molecules and consists of the esophagus, stomach, liver, and pancreas

Question 11

Urinary system

Answer 11

removes nitrogenous wastes from the blood and regulates fluid and chemical content of the body

Question 12

Reproductive system

Answer 12

ovaries and testes

Question 13

Catabolism

Answer 13

the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones using the release of energy

Question 14

Anabolism

Answer 14

the synthesis of complex molecules in living molecules using simpler ones due to the absorption of energy

Question 15

What is the energy storing compound?

Answer 15

ATP (adenine triphosphate)

Question 16

examples of extracellular fluid

Answer 16

• blood
• plasma

Question 17

What is homeostasis?

Answer 17

Homeostasis is the body’s ability to maintain an internal balance
- body is always fighting to stay in optimal variables

Question 18

Directional Terms

Answer 18

• superior and inferior
• anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal)
• medial and lateral
• proximal and distal

Question 19

superior and inferior

Answer 19

superior –> above
inferior –> below

Question 20

anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal)

Answer 20

anterior (ventral) –> front
posterior (dorsal) –> behind

Question 21

medial and lateral

Answer 21

medial –> inside
lateral –> outside

Question 22

proximal and distal

Answer 22

proximal –> close to the body
distal –> away from the body

Question 23

planes of division

Answer 23

• frontal plane
• sagittal plane
• transverse plane

Question 24

frontal plane

Answer 24

separates anterior from posterior

Question 25

What is the frontal plane also known as?

Answer 25

coronal plane

Question 26

sagittal plane

Answer 26

separates right of body from left of body

Question 27

transverse plane

Answer 27

separates superior from inferior

Question 28

What muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity?

Answer 28

the diaphram

Question 29

study of body function and disease

Answer 29

physiology

Question 30

level of organization of the body

Answer 30

chemicals →cells →tissues →organs →systems →organism

Question 31

system that transports blood

Answer 31

circulatory system

Question 32

system that is made of bones and joints

Answer 32

skeletal system

Question 33

term that defines all reactions that sustain life

Answer 33

metabolism

Question 34

simple compounds into more complex compounds

Answer 34

anabolic reactions

Question 35

What reaction is the breakdown of glycogen?

Answer 35

catabolic

Question 36

principles of negative feedback

Answer 36

what goes up must go down - sensor --> measures the level of the variable - control center --> compares sensor inputs with set points - effector --> increases or decreases activity - signals --> carry information between the components

Question 37

negative feedback

Answer 37

keeps the body conditions within a normal range by reversing and upward or downward shifts

Question 38

organs in dorsal cavity

Answer 38

- cranial - brain - spinal chord

Question 38

principles of homeostasis

Answer 38

- regulated variables that must be kept within a narrow range (set point) - regulated variables include: --> body temp --> volume and composition of body fluids --> blood levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide --> blood pressure

Question 39

organs in abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 39

- stomach - intestines - bladder - kidney - spleen - gallbladder - pancreas - liver

Question 40

organs in pelvic cavity

Answer 40

- bladder - rectum - internal parts of the reproductive system - urinary bladder

Question 41

divisions of the Abdomen and their regions

Answer 41

- Right upper quadrant →right hypochondriac region, right lumbar region, umbilical region, epigastric region Left upper quadrant →left hypochondriac region, left lumbar region, umbilical region, epigastric region Right lower quadrant → right lumbar region, right iliac region, umbilical region, hypogastric region Left lower quadrant → left lumbar region, left iliac region, umbilical region, hypogastric region

Question 42

cranial

Answer 42

skull

Question 43

facial

Answer 43

face

Question 44

cephalic

Answer 44

head

Question 45

thoracic

Answer 45

chest

Question 46

brachial

Answer 46

arm

Question 47

antebrachial

Answer 47

forearm

Question 48

carpal

Answer 48

wrist

Question 49

manual

Answer 49

hand

Question 50

femoral

Answer 50

thigh

Question 51

crural

Answer 51

leg

Question 52

pedal

Answer 52

foot

Question 53

frontal

Answer 53

forehead

Question 54

ocular

Answer 54

eye

Question 55

oral

Answer 55

mouth

Question 56

mammary

Answer 56

breast

Question 57

axillary

Answer 57

armpit

Question 58

antecubital

Answer 58

inner elbow

Question 59

umbilical

Answer 59

navel

Question 60

inguinal

Answer 60

groin

Question 61

phalangeal

Answer 61

toes

Question 62

parietal

Answer 62

crown

Question 63

occipital

Answer 63

base of skull

Question 64

cervical

Answer 64

neck

Question 65

deltoid

Answer 65

lateral shoulder

Question 66

lumbar

Answer 66

small of back

Question 67

sacral

Answer 67

sacrum

Question 68

gluteal

Answer 68

buttock

Question 69

popliteal

Answer 69

back of knee

Question 70

plantar

Answer 70

sole of foot

Question 71

acromial

Answer 71

shoulder

Question 72

scapular

Answer 72

shoulder blade

Question 73

iliac

Answer 73

hip

Question 74

sural

Answer 74

calf

Question 75

calcaneal

Answer 75

heel

Question 76

organs in thoracic cavity

Answer 76

heart and lungs

Question 77

cranial

Answer 77

near or to the head

Question 78

metabolism

Answer 78

sustains life

Question 79

patellar

Answer 79

kneecap

Question 80

tarsal

Answer 80

ankle