Chapter 6 Flashcards
PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL
PRECEDE” several variables can be the target for intervention
- predisposing factors: knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, personal preferences, skills, self-efficacy
- enablingfactors: characteristics of the environment
- reinforcing factors: social support, economic rewards, social norms
- political, social and environmental influences are also considered
PROCEED: implementation of the intervention with three evaluation elements:
- processL did the programma do what it was supposed to do
- impact: what was the impact of the intervention
- outcome: what are the long-term effects on health?
what are the 4 phases in PRECEDE?
- social diagnosis: idea of health problems and possible barriers
- epidemiological, behavioural and environmental diagnosis: identification of health problems , what is causing the problem?
- educational and ecological diagnosis: determine how to address behavior, identify different factors, think about consequences of the approach
- administrative and policy diagnosis: check whether the programma fits into the regulations
The precede-proceed model does not talk about the optimal interventions in different domains. So, MINDSPACE, which focuses on nudging…
- Messenger: who communiates?
- Incentives: achieving short term goals, avoid loss
- Norms: social norms
- Defaults: We “go with the flow” of pre-set options.
- Salience: attention on new or releveant things
- Priming: influenced by our environment
- Affect: emotions influence behaviour
- Commitments: act consistently with our public commitments
- Ego: we act in ways that make us feel better about ourselves
What are the principles of the 4Es policy framework?
- Enable: through interventiuons focused on environment enable behaviour
- Encourage: through interventions
- Engage: collaborate with society
- Exemplify: demonstrate how things should be done
information-motivation-behaviour model
three things are needed to change behaviour: knowledge, motivation and behavioural skills
COM-B system for interventions
Capability: physical and mental capacity to change behaviour: knowledge, skills, self-confidence
Opportunity: all factors outside the individual that enable, encourage, or inhibit behaviour
Motivation: actively making the choice to change behaviour and having the energy to do it
- cold: logical reasoning
- hot: emotional
what is a problem with the COM-B system for interventions?
the model does not include the ‘level’ of influence. It considers that enivornment plays an important role in behaviour change.
Behavioural Change Wheel
As a reaction to the COM-B system, the optimal approach varies by bheaviour. It’s based on sources of behaviour, which are capability, opportunity and motivation, intervention functions and policy categories
how can we motivate change?
- information provision –> but doesn;t work enough. Follow the nice guidelines (outcome, personal relevance, attitude, self-efficacy, descriptive and subjective, personal and moral norms –> TPB)
- Elaboration likelihood approach
- use of fear
-information framing - motivational interview –> cognitive dissonance
Elaboration likelihood approach (ELA)
Information can be ignored. Individuals who find it interesting will want to listen..:
1. argements are in line with what they already know. 2. is relevant 3. if they are smart enough to understand the message.
Change in attitude leads to change in behaviour
people who don’t want to listen –> peripheral processing
how can we avoid people to for example switch channels whemn using strategy ‘use of fear’?
- PRECEDE model says you should base campaings on theory and discuss the intervention with people.
- protection motivation theory: fear is only effective if people have enough self-efficacy to change behaviour, people can engage in danger control (Danger control is defined as a cognitive process in which people evaluate the presented threat (including the assessment of threat seriousness and personal susceptibility) and suggested coping responses (in- cluding the assessment of response efficacy and self-effi- cacy).or fear control (maladaptive coping), depending on the amount of self-efficacy.
the most persuasive messages…
arouse some fear, increase severity if no change is made and emphasise that the person can do something (self-efficacy)
motivation interviewing
aim is to resolve ambivalence around behaviour change by bringing to the surface all the beliefs for and against the behaviour change. which creates cognitive dissonance. “what are good things about your behaviour and what are not?”
Problem-solving approaches, what did Egan say about this?
It is important to analyse the problem very well. as a counsellor, you should not solve the problem, but help the person to solve the problem themselves.
Bandura said that for our behaviour its good that self-efficacy can be increased through observation, practice and persuasion. What are three models for observational learning? (work best if the model resembles ourselves)
- a live model: someone demonstrating
- a verbal instruction model: description and explanation
- A symbolic model: seeing someone or a character do it online
