chapter 3 Flashcards
behavioral pathogens
health risk behaviours
behavioral immunogens
health protective behaviours
DALYs
disability-adjusted life years. number of years lost due to ill health and premature death
morbidity
the condition of suffering from a disease or medical condition
carcinogenic
can cause cancer
Chronic obstructive airway disease (COD)
- abosrbing carbon monoxide, not enough oxygen enters the blood
- nicotine makes the heart work harder by increading blood pressure and heart rate
- together this causes vessels to constrict and increase the risk of thrombosis
- tar restricts the respiratory system by clogging the lungs. this leads to copd
when do we consider someone to be binge drinking?
8 for men, 6 for women in one sitting.
usually it is 3 and 2 per day
how can alcohol be good for your health?
- it lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL, bad fat) levels
- red wine lowers blood pressure by flavonol (red grapes) –> lowers death from CHD. (cardiovascular disease (CHD)
- Red wine polyphenols inhibit the development of cancer cells (by antioxidant/inflammatory action or by inhibiting the growth of mutant cells or by initiating apoptosis)
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when is ther edependence of a substance especially?
when there is withdrawal and tolerance.
people with a family histroy of drug use were NOT more likely to start using themselves if they had the traits…
low IQ, education or SES!!
beta-endorphin
gets activated with dopamine when a person smokes
Cox and Klinger’s motivational modek about substance use
We are not rational beings when it comes to substance use. Reward is a big aspect of substance use. Thereby, quitting depends very much on other parts of life, for example, on your motivation and health goals
substance use disorder
addictions surrounding alcohol and illicit drugs, not tobacco
drug dependence
not about tobacco, or alcohol
social learning theory an conditioning theory
these theories say that behaviour comes about through learning and reinforcement. Excessive alcohol consumption can be therefore learned, but also unlearned.
thee rtypes of prevention
primary: preventing people form using excessively
secondary: changing the behaviour of people who already exhibiting the behaviour
tertiary: While secondary prevention seeks to prevent the onset of illness, tertiary prevention aims to reduce the effects of the disease once established in an individual
High density lipoproteins
good cholestrol, promotes the breakdown of LDL by the liver. fatty fish is therefore healthy
atherosclerosis
fat levels in our blood become too high and form plaque at the edges of blood vessel walls
arteriosclerosis
blood pressure is too high causing walls to harden, making it difficult for the body to cope with fluctuations in blood supply (during excercise for example)
coronary artery disease (CAD)
atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis together, which can lead to coronary heart disease
What can lead to obesity?
- having more fat cells at birth (little evidence)
- lower metabolism (no evidence)
- problems with a hormone involved in impulse control
- something wrong with leptin (from fat cells) which sends signals to establish a feeling of satiety
- lower levels of serotonin (serotonin produces a feeling of satisfaction)
