chapter 3

Question 1

behavioral pathogens

Answer 1

health risk behaviours

Question 2

behavioral immunogens

Answer 2

health protective behaviours

Question 3

DALYs

Answer 3

disability-adjusted life years. number of years lost due to ill health and premature death

Question 4

morbidity

Answer 4

the condition of suffering from a disease or medical condition

Question 5

carcinogenic

Answer 5

can cause cancer

Question 6

Chronic obstructive airway disease (COD)

Answer 6

• abosrbing carbon monoxide, not enough oxygen enters the blood
• nicotine makes the heart work harder by increading blood pressure and heart rate
• together this causes vessels to constrict and increase the risk of thrombosis
• tar restricts the respiratory system by clogging the lungs. this leads to copd

Question 7

when do we consider someone to be binge drinking?

Answer 7

8 for men, 6 for women in one sitting.
usually it is 3 and 2 per day

Question 8

how can alcohol be good for your health?

Answer 8

• it lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL, bad fat) levels
• red wine lowers blood pressure by flavonol (red grapes) –> lowers death from CHD. (cardiovascular disease (CHD)
• Red wine polyphenols inhibit the development of cancer cells (by antioxidant/inflammatory action or by inhibiting the growth of mutant cells or by initiating apoptosis)

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Question 9

when is ther edependence of a substance especially?

Answer 9

when there is withdrawal and tolerance.

Question 10

people with a family histroy of drug use were NOT more likely to start using themselves if they had the traits…

Answer 10

low IQ, education or SES!!

Question 11

beta-endorphin

Answer 11

gets activated with dopamine when a person smokes

Question 12

Cox and Klinger’s motivational modek about substance use

Answer 12

We are not rational beings when it comes to substance use. Reward is a big aspect of substance use. Thereby, quitting depends very much on other parts of life, for example, on your motivation and health goals

Question 13

substance use disorder

Answer 13

addictions surrounding alcohol and illicit drugs, not tobacco

Question 14

drug dependence

Answer 14

not about tobacco, or alcohol

Question 15

social learning theory an conditioning theory

Answer 15

these theories say that behaviour comes about through learning and reinforcement. Excessive alcohol consumption can be therefore learned, but also unlearned.

Question 16

thee rtypes of prevention

Answer 16

primary: preventing people form using excessively
secondary: changing the behaviour of people who already exhibiting the behaviour
tertiary: While secondary prevention seeks to prevent the onset of illness, tertiary prevention aims to reduce the effects of the disease once established in an individual

Question 17

High density lipoproteins

Answer 17

good cholestrol, promotes the breakdown of LDL by the liver. fatty fish is therefore healthy

Question 18

atherosclerosis

Answer 18

fat levels in our blood become too high and form plaque at the edges of blood vessel walls

Question 19

arteriosclerosis

Answer 19

blood pressure is too high causing walls to harden, making it difficult for the body to cope with fluctuations in blood supply (during excercise for example)

Question 20

coronary artery disease (CAD)

Answer 20

atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis together, which can lead to coronary heart disease

Question 21

What can lead to obesity?

Answer 21

• having more fat cells at birth (little evidence)
• lower metabolism (no evidence)
• problems with a hormone involved in impulse control
• something wrong with leptin (from fat cells) which sends signals to establish a feeling of satiety
• lower levels of serotonin (serotonin produces a feeling of satisfaction)