Chapter 6 Flashcards
The Do’s & Don’ts of a Health & Fitness Professional
Do Not: Diagnose medical conditions
Do: Obtain exercise or health guidelines from a physician, physical therapist, or registered dietician. Follow national consensus guidelines of exercise prescription for medical disorders. Screen clients for exercise limitations. Identify potential risk factors through screening procedures. Refer clients who experience pain or difficulty to qualified medical practitioner
Do not: Prescribe treatment
Do: Design individualized, systematic, progressive exercise programs. Refer clients to a qualified medical practitioner for medical exercise prescription
Do not: Prescribe diets
Do: Provide clients with general information on healthy eating according to the food pyramid. Refer clients to a qualified dietician or nutritionist for specific diet plans.
Do not: Provide treatment of any kind for injury or disease
Do: Refer clients to a qualified medical practitioner for treatment of injury or disease. Use exercise to help clients improve overall health. Assist clients in following the medical advice of a physician or therapist.
Do not: Provide rehabilitation services for clients
Do: Design exercise programs for clients after they are released from rehabilitation. Provide postrehabilitation services.
Do not: Provide counseling services for clients
Do: Act as a coach for clients. Provide general information. Refer clients to a qualified counselor or therapist.
What are the 2 components of a fitness assessment?
- Subjective information
- general & medical history; occupation, lifestyle, medical & personal information - Objective information
- physiologic assessments; body composition testing; cardiorespiratory assessments; static & dynamic postural assessments; performance assessments
What are the possible risks pertaining to a new client?
- Low risk: Individuals who do not have any signs or symptoms of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease and have a <1 cardiovascular disease risk factors
- Moderate risk: Individuals who do not have any signs or symptoms of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease but have a >2 cardiovascular disease risk factor
- High risk: Individuals who have one or more signs or symptoms of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease
Preparticipation Health Screening
Includes a medical history questionnaire & a review of their chronic disease risk factors & presence of any signs or symptoms or disease
What is a PAR-Q
Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (pg. 111)
What are 2 important areas of personal trainers to focus on?
- Occupation (pg.112)
2. Lifestyle (pg. 113)
List 5 past injuries & what they could lead to
- Ankle Sprains; decrease neural control to the gluteus medius & maximus muscles. This can, in turn, lead to poor control of the lower extremities during many functional activities
- Knee injuries involving ligaments; decrease in the neural control to muscles that stabilize the patella (kneecap) and lead to further injury. Knee injuries that are not a result of contact are often the result of ankle or hip dysfunctions, like an ankle sprain
- Low-back injuries; decreased neural control to stabilizing muscles of the core, resulting in poor stabilization of the spine. This can lead to further dysfunction in the upper & lower extremities
- Shoulder injuries; cause altered neural control of the rotator cuff muscles, which can lead to instability of the shoulder joint during functional activities
- Other injuries; repetitive hamstring strains, groin strains, patellar tendonitis (jumper’s knee), plantar fasciitis, posterior tibialis tendonitis (shin splints), biceps tendonitis (shoulder pain), and headaches
List 6 past surgeries that a personal trainer should be aware of
- Foot & ankle surgery
- Knee surgery
- Back surgery
- Shoulder surgery
- Caesarean section for birth (abdominal wall)
- Appendectomy (abdominal wall)
List 8 chronic diseases that affect a fitness assessment
- Cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, coronary artery disease, or congestive heart failure
- Hypertension (high blood pressure)
- High cholesterol or other blood lipid disorders
- Stroke or peripheral artery disease
- Lung of breathing problems
- Obesity
- Diabetes mellitus
- Cancer
List 7 common medications & their basic function
- Beta-blockers (B-Blockers)
- used as antihypertensive (high blood pressure); also prescribed for arrhythmias (irregular heart beat) - Calcium-channel blockers
- prescribed for hypertension & angina (chest pain) - Nitrates
- prescribed for hypertension & congestive heart failure - Diuretics
- prescribed for hypertension, congestive heart failure, and peripheral edema - Bronchodilators
- prescribed to correct or prevent bronchial smooth muscle constriction in individuals with asthma and other pulmonary diseases - Vasodilatos
- used in the treatment of hypertension & congestive heart failure - Antidepressants
- used in the treatment of various psychiatric and emotional disorders
List 6 categories of objective information
- Physiological measurements
- Body composition assessments
- Cardiorespiratory assessments
- Static posture assessment
- Movement assessments (dynamic posture)
- Performance assessment
What are the 2 most common sites used to record a pulse?
- Radial (wrist)
2. Cartoid (neck)
What are the 3 training zones for target HR?
- Zone One; builds aerobic base and aids in recovery
- Maximal heart rate X 0.65
- Maximal heart rate X 0.75 - Zone Two; increases aerobic and anaerobic endurance
- Maximal heart rate X 0.76
- Maximal heart rate X 0.85 - Zone Three; builds high-end work capacity
- Maximal heart rate X 0.86
- Maximal heart rate X 0.95
What is the Heart Rate Reserve (HHR) also known as?
*The Karvonen Method
A method of establishing training intensity on the basis of the difference between a clients predicted maximal HR & their resting HR
The Heart Rate Reserve Method (HRR)
THR = [(HRmax - HRrest) X desired intensity] + HRrest