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NASM > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cardiorespiratory System

A

A system of the body composed of the cardiovascular & respiratory systems

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2
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

A system of the body composed of the heart, blood & blood vessels; transports the blood from the heart to the tissues of the body

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3
Q

Heart

A

A hollow muscular organ that pumps a circulation of blood through the body by means of rhythmic contraction

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4
Q

Mediastinum

A

The space in the best between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest except the lungs; the heart is contained here

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5
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

1 of the 3 major muscle types in the body (skeletal 7 smooth); It is an involuntary muscle, meaning it cannot be consciously controlled; has a presence of “interglated discs” which are irregularly spaced dark bands between cardiac cells

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6
Q

Electrical Conduction System

A

It is what stimulates the mechanical myocardial cells to contract in a rhythmic pattern; It consists of specialized cells that allow an electrical signal to be transmitted from the S.A. thru both atria & down into the ventricles; sends an electrical signal rapidly throughout all the cardiac cells

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7
Q

Sinoatrial (S.A.) Node

A

The “pacemaker of the heart”; a specialized area of cardiac tissue located in the right atrium of the heart that initiates the electrical impulses that determine the heartrate

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8
Q

Atrioventricular (A.V.) Node

A

A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the S.A. node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles

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9
Q

Right of the Heart

A

“The Pulmonic Side”; Receives blood from the body that is low in O2 and high in CO2 (deoxygenated) & pumps it to the lungs & back to the left atria

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10
Q

Left of the Heart

A

“The Systematic Side”; Pumps blood high in O2 & low in CO2 (oxygenated) to the rest of the body

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11
Q

Atrium

A

The superior chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins & force it into the ventricles

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12
Q

Venticle

A

The inferior chambers of the heart that receive blood from the corresponding atrium & force it into the arteries

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13
Q

Stroke Volume (S.V)

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction

  • the “end-diastolic volume” (E.D.V) is the filled volume of the ventricle before contraction
  • the “end-systolic volume” (E.S.V) is the residual volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection
  • Average E.D.V = 120 mL; Average E.S.V = 50 mL; the difference of 70mL is the S.V.
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14
Q

Heart Rate (H.R)

A

The rate at which the heart pumps; measured in beats per minute (bpm)

  • the average is 70/80 bpm
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15
Q

Cardiac Output (Q)

A

HR x SV; the overall performance of the heart

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16
Q

Blood

A

Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries & veins; carries nutrients & oxygen to all parts of the body & also rids the body of waste products

  • it consists of PLASMA (55% of it) which consists nutrients like glucose, hormones & clotting agents
17
Q

How many kinds of cells are there in blood & what are they?

A
  1. Red Blood Cells - carry oxygen from lungs throughout the body
  2. White Blood Cells - help fight infection
  3. Platelets - help with clotting
    * These all make up 45% of blood
18
Q

What are the 3 primary functions of blood within the body?

A
  1. Transportation
    - transports oxygen & nutrients to tissue
    - transports waste products from tissue
    - transports hormones to organs & tissue
    - carries heat throughout the body
  2. Regulation
    - regulates body temperature & acid balance in the body
  3. Protection
    - protects body from excessive bleeding by clotting
    - contains specialized immune cells to help fight disease & sickness
19
Q

Blood Vessels

A

Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body

3 MAJOR TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS

  1. Arteries
  2. Capillaries
  3. Veins
20
Q

Capillaries

A

The smallest blood vessels and the site of exchange of chemicals & water between the blood & body tissues

21
Q

Arteries

A

Vessels that transport blood awayyy from the heart

  • Largest artery = AORTA
  • Medium arteries = CARTOID, SUBCLAVIAN, MESENTERIC, RENAL & ILIAC
  • Smaller artery = ARTERIOLES
22
Q

Arterioles

A

Small terminal branches of an artery which end in capillaries

23
Q

Veins

A

Vessels that transport blood from the capillaries toward the heart

24
Q

Venules

A

The smaller veins that connect capillaries to the larger veins

25
Q

Respiratory System

A

A system of organs (the lungs & respiratory passageways) that collects oxygen from the external environment & transports it to the blood stream; AKA “the pulmonary system”

*It’s primary role is to ensure proper cellular function

26
Q

Respiratory Pump

A

Composed of skeletal structures (bones) and soft tissues (muscles) that work together to allow proper respiratory mechanics to occur & help pump blood back to the heart during inspiration

27
Q

What does the respiratory pump consist of?

A
  1. Bones - sternum, ribs, vertebrae
  2. Muscles Inspiration - diaphragm, external intercoastals, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor
  3. Expiration - internal intercoastals, abdominals
28
Q

Inspiration

A

“INHALING”; The process of actively contracting the inspiratory muscles to move air into the body; it occurs in 2 forms:

  1. Normal resting state (quiet) breathing
    - uses primary respiratory muscles; i.e. diaphragm & external intercoastals
  2. Heavy (deep, forced) breathing
    - uses additional use of respiratory muscles; i.e. scalenes pectoralis minor
29
Q

Expiration

A

“EXHALING”; The process of actively or passively relaxing the inspiratory muscles to move air out of the body; can be active or passive

  • ACTIVE - expiratory ventilation relies on the activity of expiration muscles to compress the thoracic cavity & force air out
  • PASSIVE - relaxation of the contracting inspiration muscles
30
Q

The respiratory passages are split into what?

A
  1. Conducting Airways
    - Nasal cavity
    - Pharynx
    - Trachea
    - Oral cavity
    - Larynx
    - Bronchioles
    - Right & left pulmonary bronchi
  2. Respiratory Airways
    - Alveoli
    - Alveolar sacs
31
Q

Diffusion

A

The process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body

32
Q

What is the “equation for oxygen consumption” known as?

A

The “Fick Equation”; VO2 = Q x a - VO2 difference

  • VO2 = O2 consumption
  • Q = cardiac output (HR x SV)
  • VO2 difference = arterial - venous difference
33
Q

Resting O2 consumption is approximately how many mL of O2 per kilogram body weight per minute?

A

3.5 mL

34
Q

What may be the best measure of cardio respiratory fitness?

A

Maximal oxygen consumption

35
Q

Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)

A

The highest rate of oxygen transport & utiliztion achieved at maximal physical exertion

NASM (22 decks)

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