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Med Surg > Chapter 58 Eyes / Chapter 59: Ears > Flashcards

Chapter 58 Eyes / Chapter 59: Ears Flashcards

1
Q

Assessment and evaluations of the eyes can be performed by using the:
Snellen chart: ____________
Rosenbaum pocket screener: ________

A

distance
near

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2
Q

What are types of diagnostic evaluations for the eyes?

A

Ophthalmoscopy
Slit-lamp examination
Color-vision testing
Ambler grid
Ultrasonography

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3
Q

Refractive errors can be corrected by lenses that focus light rays on the _________

A

retina

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4
Q

Myopia is also known as ______________ (able to see close-up)

A

nearsighted

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5
Q

Hyperopia is also known as _______________ (able to see far away)

A

farsighted

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6
Q

An astigmatism is a _______________ caused by the irregularity of the _________

A

distortion
cornea

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7
Q

Presbyopia is the loss of ___________________ power of the lens — stiffening of the lens in older adults

A

accomodative

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8
Q

Legal blindness = does not exceed 20/200 in better eye or widest field of vision s 20 degrees or less (true or false)

A

true

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9
Q

Absolutely blindness = absence of ________ perception

A

light

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10
Q

*Caring for client with blindness or low vision**
- Talk with the person as you would any other person
-_________ yourself as you approach
- Tell them when you ______ the room
- Be specific when communicating direction by mentioning specific distance or use clock cues
- Make sure environment is free of _____________
- Offer to read written info
- Identify object the person may need (“Your call bell is on the right side of your bed”)

A

identify
leave
obstacles

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11
Q

____________ injection or __________ medication may be needed to treat some eye structures or to provide high concentrations of medications

A

Intraocular
systemic

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12
Q

Topical medications (drops/ointments) are most frequently used because they are the lease __________, have fewest side effects, and permit ______-administration

A

invasive
self

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13
Q

Glaucoma is a fr up of ocular conditions characterized by increased _____________ pressure (IOP), which is left untreated can damage the optic nerve and nerve fiber layer

A

intraocular

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14
Q

A normal intraocular pressure is:

A

10-21

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15
Q

Risk factors of glaucoma
- __________ history
- D_________
- __________ age
- Prolonged use of _______________
- Previous ______ trauma

A

family
diabetes
increased
corticosteroids
eye

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16
Q

Beta blockers an cholinergic drops cause temporary ___________ and ___________ vision — this is a common side effect and does not go away with continued use, but the drops are necessary to prevent further vision loss in glaucoma

A

burning
blurry

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17
Q

______________ are an opacity or cloudiness of the lense

A

Cataracts

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18
Q

Cataract have an increased incidence with ______, by age 80 years, more than half of all Americans have cataracts

A

aging

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19
Q

What are the three types of cataracts?

A

Traumatic
Congenital
Senile

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20
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Cataracts
- _________, blurry vision
- Surroundings appear __________ (feel like their glasses need cleaning)
- Sensitivity to _____
- Astigmatism
- Diplopia
- Eye changes _________

A

painless
dimmer
glare
color

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21
Q

Retinal detachment is the separation of the sensory _______ and the RPE (retinal pigment epithelium)

A

retina

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22
Q

Manifestations of retinal detachment
- sensation of a _______/________ coming across the vision of ONE eye
- Cobwebs
- Bright flashing ________
- Sudden onset of ______ (but no pain)

A

shade/curtain
lights
floaters

23
Q

What is known as an ocular emergency?

A

Retinal detachment

24
Q

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)’s most common cause if irreversible central vision in people over ______ years of age

A

60

25
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Age-related macular degeneration
- Blurry and darkened vision
- Scotomas: blind _______ in visual field
- Distorted _________

**Vision does not usually improve

A

spots
vision

26
Q

Common RF of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
- Long term UV light exposure
- **___________ smoking
- HTN
- _________-colored eyes
- Nutritional deficiency
- Obesity and inactivity
- Lack of vitamin __, __, __

A

Cigarette
Light
A, C, E

27
Q

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of __________ between the ages of ____-____

A

blindness
20-74

28
Q

The _______ ear is an air-filled cavity that included the tympanic membrane and connects to eustachian tube

A

middle

29
Q

_____________ tube connects to nasopharyngeal and only opens when a person performs valsalva maneuver, yawns, or swallows equalizing pressure in the middle ear with atmospheric pressure

A

eustachian

30
Q

the tympanic membrane should appear pearly ____ and _____________. It protect the middle ear and conducts sounds vibrations from external canal to ossicles (3 bones)

A

gray
translucent

31
Q

Balance is maintained by muscles and joint of the bod, the eyes, and the labyrinth, all _____________ together

A

working

32
Q

The vestibular system of the inner ear provided feedback of the _______ and body in space

A

head

33
Q

Conductive hearing loss is caused by ___________ or _______ ear problem reducing sound transmission to the inner ear. This us usually from an __________ or disease process

A

external, middle
obstruction

34
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by damage to the chochlea or __________________ nerve (CNVII)

A

vestibulocochlear

35
Q

_________hearing loss is caused by both conductive and sensorineural problems

A

Mixed

36
Q

Functional (psychogenic) hearing loss is caused by an _____________ problem

A

emotional

37
Q

Audiometery is the most common diagnostic tool for ____________. It evaluates frequency, pitch, and intensity of sound. Client wears earphones and signals when a tone is heard.

A

hearing

38
Q

Deafness is hearing loss so severe there is little or no functional _____________

A

hearing

39
Q

“Hard of hearing” is when there is enough residual hearing that an auditory device provides adequate _____________ to process speech

A

assistance

40
Q

Behaviors by those with gradual hearing loss:

A

Inattentive
withdrawing
unengaged

41
Q

Cerumen impaction removal bay be done by:

A

irrigation
suction
instrumentation

42
Q

Foreign bodies may be removed by:

A

irrigation
suction
instrumentation

43
Q

Foreign bodies that may swell (vegetables/ insects) should not be:

A

irrigated

44
Q

Otitis externa if the inflammation of infection of the auricle and ear _______ epithelium due to infection . Most commonly caused by staphylococcus or pseudomonas, or fungal infection from aspergillosis species

A

canal

45
Q

Acute otitis media is most frequently seen in __________. Pathogens are most commonly bacterial or viral. This is usually treated with _____________ or myringotomy (surgery it drain area with implanted tubes)

A

children
antibiotics

46
Q

Tympanic membrane perforation is usually caused by infection or _________. Pressure from __________ causes spontaneous rupture. Head injury may cause clear water drainage from ear ______

A

trauma
infection
CSF

47
Q

Tympanic membrane perforations usually heals over a few ________ but may leave scar tissue. If healing impaired, may require surgery

A

weeks

48
Q

Mastoiditis is an infection of the _________ bone (air cells) caused by untreated or inadequately treated otitis media

A

mastoid

49
Q

Common signs and symptoms of mastoiditis
- Enlarged ______ _______ behind the ear
- ___-_____ fever
- Malaise
- loss of _________
- loss of appetite

A

lymph
low-grade
hearing

50
Q

What are 6 of the common ototoxic drugs?

A

NSAIDs & aspirin
Diuretic
Antimalarials
Antineoplastic
Antibiotics
Narcotic analgesic (associated with overdose)

51
Q

Ménière’s disease is the abnormal inner ear ________ balance caused by malabsorption of the endolymphatic sac or blockage of the endolymphatic ducts

A

fluid

52
Q

Manifestations of ménière’s disease
- Episodic ________
- Tinnitus
- Fluctuating sensorineural _________ _____
** May also have a feeling of pressure, accompanies by N&V

A

vertigo
hearing loss

53
Q

**Ménière’s disease treatment **
- Minimizing vertigo and provide for patient safety during attacks
- Possible _________ until attack subsides in quiet dark space
- Medications: antihistamines, anti___________, meclizine
- Low _______ diet, no caffeine, alcohol, or tobacco

A

best rest
emetics
sodium

Med Surg (20 decks)

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