Chapter 28: Hematologic Assessment

Question 1

The Hematological System consists of the _______ and the blood forming _______, including the bone ______ and the reticuloendothelial system (RES)

Answer 1

blood
sites
marrow

Question 2

Blood consists of _____ and ________ _______

Answer 2

plasma : fluid portion of blood
Blood cells : erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 3

Hematopoiesis is ______ cell and ___________ formation and ___________. It is important to balance for oxygenation, prevention of blood conditions.

Answer 3

blood
platelet
maturation

Question 4

Blood components are made within the _____ _______

Answer 4

bone marrow

Question 5

Plasma is the ________ portion of blood

Answer 5

fluid

Question 6

Plasma plays a big role on impacting _________ balance

Answer 6

fluid

Question 7

Red blood cells are also called:

Answer 7

Erythrocytes

Question 8

Hemoglobin is where ________ binds to

Answer 8

oxygen

Question 9

Reticulocytes are ______________RBCs. They are secreted when no ___________ is available — they won’t work as great as hemoglobin but is better than nothing

Answer 9

immature
hemoglobin

Question 10

Erythropoiesis is the production of ______

Answer 10

RBCs

Question 11

Iron stores and metabolism occurs in _______

Answer 11

RBCs

Question 12

RBCs produce _______. This carries O2 from the _______ and delivers it throughout the body

Answer 12

heme
lungs

Question 13

RBCs acts as a _________ to maintain acid/base __________

Answer 13

buffer
balance

Question 14

RBC growth factor is known as :

Answer 14

Erythropoietin

Question 15

White blood cells are also known as :

Answer 15

Leukocytes

Question 16

WBCs provides protection by __________ and _________ properties

Answer 16

immunity
inflammation

Question 17

Granulocytes are :

Answer 17

WBCs

Question 18

Types of granulocytes include: E__________, B___________, N__________

Answer 18

eosinophils
basophils
neutrophils

Question 19

Bands are immature ___________. If the body is low on WBCs, ________ will be sent out

Answer 19

neutrophils
bands

Question 20

Agranulocytes are a type of:

Answer 20

WBC

Question 21

Types of agranulocytes are M_________, and L__________

Answer 21

Monocytes : “take out the trash” keeps everything nice and clean
Lymphocytes : T cells and B cells

Question 22

Platelets are also known as :

Answer 22

thrombocytes

Question 23

Platelets are made up of T_______________ and F_______

Answer 23

thrombopoietin
fibrin

Question 24

Fibrin is made of a _____________ protein that is like a “_____” that hold the platelets together for blood to stick together and form a clot

Answer 24

filamentous
mesh

Question 25

Platelets are important for _______ ___________ and are stored in the _____ and are released as the are needed

Answer 25

blood clotting liver

Question 26

_____% of platelets circulate and ____% is stored in the liver/spleen

Answer 26

80 20

Question 27

what is the normal range for WBC?

Answer 27

4.5-11 X 10^9/L

Question 28

What is the normal range of hemoglobin?

Answer 28

12-17g/dL

Question 29

What is the normal range for platelets?

Answer 29

150,000-450,000/mm^3

Question 30

What does an increased RBC mean?

Answer 30

Dehydration Hyperactivity of bone marrow

Question 31

What does a decreased RBC mean?

Answer 31

Fluid volume overload Hemorrhage Anemia Renal disease

Question 32

What does an increased Hemoglobin mean?

Answer 32

Dehydration

Question 33

What does a decreased hemoglobin mean?

Answer 33

fluid retention anemia hemorrhage

Question 34

What does an increased hematocrit mean?

Answer 34

dehydration low o2 availability

Question 35

What does a decreased Hct mean?

Answer 35

fluid retention anemia hemorrhage

Question 36

what does an increased WBC count mean ?

Answer 36

current or recent infection inflammation

Question 37

What does a decreased WBC count mean?

Answer 37

immunosuppression

Question 38

What does an increased platelet count mean?

Answer 38

certain cancers infection

Question 39

what does a decreased platelet count mean?

Answer 39

decreased platelets —> bleeding

Question 40

Hemostasis is the normal blood __________ mechanism to minimize ______ loss after injury

Answer 40

clotting blood

Question 41

4 components of normal hemostasis * ___________ response (spasms/constricts to limit blood loss) * ________ plug formation * Development of _______ clot on platelet plug by plasma clotting factors * _______ of clot

Answer 41

Vascular Platelet Fibrin Lysis

Question 42

What are the most commonly known hematologist studies?

Answer 42

CBC PT (prothrombin time) INR (international normalized ratio) aPTT (partial thromboplastin time) — done during HEPARIN dosing ** PT and INR are tested during COUMADIN and WARFARIN dosing

Question 43

Complications of blood donation and transfusion * _______ hemolytic reaction * ______ hemolytic reaction * __________ reaction * __________ associated circulatory overload (TACO) * ___________ contamination * Transfusion related acute _______ injury (TRALI) *Delayed __________ reaction *Disease Acquisition Bleeding at site Tachy Hypotension fainting Syncope

Answer 43

acute febrile allergic transfusion bacterial lung hemolytic

Question 44

Response to blood donation / blood transfusion complications ** Febrile Hemolytic Reaction Give _____________ medication to prevent fever ** Acute Hemolytic Reaction ____________ transfusion immediately ** Allergic reaction Give patient ______________ or _____________ can reduce risk of allergic reaction. For severe reactions — future blood components are washed out to remove any remaining plasma ________ **Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload MILD— ______ rate of infusion and administer _________. SEVERE— Place patient _______, discontinue transfusion, notify _______. Oxygen and _______ may be needed to treat severe dyspnea ** Bacterial contamination If contam. occurs before transfusion is complete, _________ transfusion. Broad spectrum ____________ are used to prevent sepsis. If sepsis occurs, treat with fluids and IV ___________, corticosteroids, and vasopressors are after necessary ** Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) Oxygenation, ___________, and fluid support ** Delayed Hemolytic Response Mild and requires _____ intervention

Answer 44

antipyretic discontinue antihistamines , corticosteroids, proteins slow, diuretics, upright, doctor, morphine discontinue, antibiotics, antibiotics intubation no