Chapter 32: Immunosupressive & HIV infection Flashcards
___________ disorders are genetic and can affect the phagocytic function, B-cells, T cells, and the complement system
Primary
_____________ disorders are acquired such as HIV/AIDS. These disorders are related to underlying disorders, diseases, toxic substances, or medications
Secondary
** Warning signs of primary immune deficiency**
- Four or more new ____ infections within 1 year
- Two or more serious _______ infections within 1 year
- Two of more months on ________________ with little effect
- Two or more dx of p__________ within 1 year
- Failure of an infant to _____ __________ or grow normally
- Recurrent, deep _____ or organ abscesses
- Persistent _______ in mouth or _______ infection on skin
- Need for IV _____________ for clear infections
- Two or more deep-seated infections including septicemia
- A family hx of PI
ear
sinus
antibiotics
pneumonia
gain weight
skin
thrush, fungal
antibiotics
STAGE 0 OF HIV
Early HIV __________; inferred from lab testing
** STAGE 1 (PRIMARY/ACUTE) OF HIV**
Period from infection with HIV to the development of HIV antibodies. Dramatic drops in ________ t-cells. Counts are normally ______-________cells/mm3 of blood
STAGE 2 OF HIV
Occurs when T-cells are between ____-_____
STAGE 3 OF HIV
CD4+ count drops below _____cells/mm3 of blood
Is now considered ______ for surveillance purposed
UNKOWN STAGE OF HIV
No information on ______ or ________ count or percentage
infection
CD4+
500-1500
200-400
200
AIDS
CD4+ or T-cell
What criteria is needed in order to call HIV AIDS?
- Person is in stage __ of HIV
- CD4+ / T-cell numbers are below ____
3
200
Viral load / Nucleic acid (RNA) test are used to determine effectiveness of _____________
** Higher viral loads increase probability of _______________ to others
** Better predictor of risk of HIV _____________ than CD4+
medication
transmission
progression
CD4+/ T-cell lymphocyte counts is used to determine stages of ______ infection
HIV
HIV is transmitted in ______ ________ that contain infected cells:
- _______ and _______ products
- ________/________ secretions/fluids
- Mother to child: _________ fluid, _______ _______
bodily fluids
blood, blood
seminal, vaginal
amniotic, breast milk
True or false
HIV can be transmitted through causal contact
False HIV is not transmitted through casual contact
Opportunistic infections (OIs) are infections that occur more often or are more severe in people with ___________ immune systems than in people with __________ immune systems. Some OIs include:
weakened
healthy
Pneumonia, salmonella infection, Candidiasis (thrush), Toxoplasmosis, Tuberculosis
There is a very small chance of ______________ of HIV from mother to child in utero if mother is taking _____ drugs during pregnancy. Chance of transmission can be around __%
transmission
ART
2
HIV can be transmitted from mother to infant through _________ _______, so _______ feeding is encouraged. Lack of access to formula or cost barriers cause a significant risk for developing countries
breast milk
formula
** True or false**
Patients who tested positive for HIV should start their treatment whenever they feel is best for them
FALSE: Patients who test positive should start treatment as soon as possible after diagnosis
** Two major reasons for ART resistance**
Transmission of drug ___________ HIV at the time of the initial infection
___________ drug resistance in patients — encourage medication ___________ for patients to reduce the risk of developing drug resistance to ART
resistant
Selective
compliance
** Reducing risk to healthcare providers **
- _________ precautions
- _______ Hygiene
- Post exposure __________ (PEP) drugs
- Antiretroviral medications within 72 hours of exposure
- 2-3 drugs prescribed for 28 days
Standards
Hands
prophylaxis
