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Med Surg > Assessment of Kindey and Urinary Functon ch 47 > Flashcards

Assessment of Kindey and Urinary Functon ch 47 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key functions of the renal and urinary system?
* Regulate ___________ & _____________
* Elimination of ___________ products
* Provide hormones involved in______ production, ______ metabolism, and control of _____

A

Fluid and electrolytes
Waste
RBC, bone, BP

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2
Q

What are the structures of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

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3
Q

The Medulla is the _________ portion of the kidney

A

inner

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4
Q

The Medulla contains the ______ __ ________, the _____ _____, and the _____________ _____

A

Loop of Henle, vasa recta, and collecting ducts

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5
Q

The Cortex is the __________ portion of the kidney

A

outer

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6
Q

The cortex of the kidney contains the _____________

A

nephrons

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7
Q

___________ is where urine is made!

A

Nephron

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8
Q

Nephrons are made of__ basic components:
The ______________: the filtering element of an enclosed CAPILLARY network
The _________ _________ and an attached tubule

A

2
Glomerulus
Bowman’s Capsule

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9
Q

The beginning of urine creation occurs in the ____________ _________

A

Bowman’s Capsule

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10
Q

Capsule permeability allows ________ molecules to pass through but ________ the passage of ______ molecules like blood cells and albumin

A

small
limits
large

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11
Q

urine formation is a ___ step process

A

3

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12
Q

What are the 3 steps in urine formation

A
  • Glomerular filtration
  • Tubular Reabsorption
  • Tubular Secretion
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13
Q

Protein and glucose should always be found in the urine (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

FALSE

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14
Q

________ are long, fibromuscular tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder

A

ureters

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15
Q

__________ ___________ is a distensible muscular sac located behind the pubic bone

A

Urinary Bladder

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16
Q

____________ arises from the bladder to allow urine to exit the body

A

Urethra

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17
Q

Why do we never want anything going backwards in the bladder?

A

Infection

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18
Q

The usual capacity of the bladder is approx. _____mL, but it can distend to hold up to ____L

A

500
1

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19
Q

The bladder can contract under ___________ and _____________ control

A

voluntary and involuntary

20
Q

_________________ ___________ is an angled area of bladder neck that prevents _________ movement of urine in the ureters and kidneys

A

Urethrovesicle Junction
Backward

21
Q

Bladder contains bladder neck and anterior urethra have ________ that help maintain _____________

A

sphincters
continence

22
Q

The kidneys receive around ____% of total cardiac output

A

25

23
Q

Blood TO the kidney - renal _______ arises from the abdominal ______, branching into__________, arterioles branch to form a _____________

Blood LEAVING the kidney - blood leaves the ___________, enters an ________ arteriole , returns into _________ vena cava

A

artery, aorta, arterioles, glomerulus

glomerulus, efferent , inferior

24
Q

Why does blood flow matter to filtration?
* to maintain ____________ pressure in the _____________ (hydrostatic pressure)
* Can be impacted by decreased ___ or increased _________ in the renal tubules from ___________

A

consistent, glomerulus

BP, pressure, obstruction

25
Q

Your pt’s BP has been less then 80 systolic for over 30 minutes. What is happening to to the kidney? What may result?

A
  • not properly filtrating
  • Blood not being perfused
  • Decreased output
  • Decreased kidney function
  • Urea will increase
  • BUN will increase
  • Creatinine will increase
    *** BUN will increase before creatinine
26
Q

What are the functions of the kidneys ** AWETBED*

A

Acid-base Balance
Water balance
Electrolyte balance
Toxin removal
Blood pressure control
Erythropoietin
vitamin D production

27
Q

The kidney detects a ________ in the partial pressure of O2 in renal blood flow and releases _________________

A

decrease
erythropoietin

28
Q

What do our kidney failure patients need besides dialysis?

A

Artificial erythropoietin

29
Q

A normal serum pH is ______-______

A

7.34-7.45

30
Q

Kidneys can ____________ HCO3 (bicarbonate) and _____________ excess H+ to compensate fr acidosis

A

reabsorb
eliminate

31
Q

antidiuretic hormone is also known as :

A

vasopressin

32
Q

Antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland in response to changes in the blood ____________

A

osmolarity

33
Q

ADH _____________ the reabsorption of water

A

increases

34
Q

Decreased water intake leads to ____________ blood osmolarity = ADH release

A

increased

35
Q

Increased water intake leads to ____________ ADH secretion

A

decreased

36
Q

Assessment of renal and urinary systems : health history
* urinary _____________
* ________ in urine (hematuria) 7 other changes in appearance of urine
* _______________ use
* _____ HX (Renal toxins drugs — Vancomycin, mannitol)

A

incontinence
Blood
substance
medication

37
Q

Dark urine = ___________
Light urine = too much _______ loss

A

dehydration
water

38
Q

A cystography evaluates if there is a ___________ of urine by placing a foley catheter and instilling contrast agent

A

backflow

39
Q

Biopsies performed by putting a brush in the __________ or _________ in the kidney

A

urethra
bladder

40
Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate is a blood test that reflects how well the kidneys are _________

A

filtering

41
Q

GFR is a calculated _______ based off of ___________ in the blood

A

estimate
creatinine

42
Q

GFR can detect early development of chronic ___________ disease

A

kidney

43
Q

It is important to check the _______ when giving meds that are filtered through the kidney

A

GFR

44
Q

GFR should be checked when a pt is receiving ABX (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

45
Q

when giving what 2 meds, should you check the GFR of a pt

A

cotorolac
vancolac

Med Surg (20 decks)

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