Chapter 33: Allergic Disorders and Organ Transplant

Question 1

** Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction**
- Most ______ hypersensitivity reaction (anaphylactic)
- Examples :

Answer 1

severe
allergic rhinitis, extrinsic asthma, systemic anaphylaxis, reactions to insect stings

Question 2

** Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction** (cytotoxic)
- Involves wither binding Ig__ or Ig__ antibody to a cell bound antigen
- May lead to eventual cell and tissue _____
- Result of mistaken __________ when the system identifies a normal constituent of the body as foreign and activated the complement cascade
- Examples:

Answer 2

G, M
death
identity
myasthenia travis, good-pasture syndrome, pernicious anemia, some transfusion reactions, thrombocytopenia

Question 3

** Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction** (immune complex)
- Marked by acute ___________
- Due to formation and deposition of immune complexes. ________ and ________ are more susceptible
- Examples:

Answer 3

inflammation
joints and kidney
SLE, serum, nephritis, RA

Question 4

** Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction** (Delayed type/ cellular reaction)
- Occurs __-__ days after exposure to an ________.
- Results in tissue damage
- Used in _____ test
Examples:

Answer 4

1-3
PPD
contact dermatitis, graft vs host disease, hashimoto’s, thyroid it is, sarcoidosis

Question 5

Avoidance therapy is where every attempt is made to _________ allergens that act as precipitating factors
**Use of air conditioners, air cleaners, humidifiers, and dehumidifiersk
** Removal of dust catching furnishings, carpets, and windows coverings
** maintain smoke free environment

Answer 5

remove

Question 6

Medications to treat allergic reactions
- ____ if respiratory assistance is needed
- _____________ used for anaphylactic reactions
- H____________
- C____________
- Select H1 _______________
- Leukotriene receptor antagonists

Answer 6

O2
Epinephrine
Histamines
Corticosteroids
Antihistamines

Question 7

Allergic rhinitis is a common _____________ allergy presumed to be mediated by a type __ hypersensitivity. May affect quality of life, producing fatigue, loss of sleep, and poor concentration

Answer 7

respiratory
1

Question 8

What are the most common symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

Answer 8

sneezing
nasal congestion
clear watery discharge
nasal itching
itching of throat and soft palate

Question 9

Desensitization therapy —> __-__ years of therapy, weekly injections. Risk of reaction during “__ ______”. Patient must be monitored for 30 minutes after each __________

Answer 9

3-5
up dosing
injection

Question 10

Immunosuppressant therapy is used to severely _______________ after a transplant

Answer 10

immunosuppress

Question 11

Sirolimus is used with_____ transplant patients in combination with corticosteroids and cyclosporine or tacrolimus

Answer 11

renal

Question 12

Mychophenolate mofetil has suppression effects on both ____ and ___ cells
*Most effective when used with cyclosporine or tarcolimus
* It decreases late graft loss
Major limitation is ____ side effects
** RISK of _________

Answer 12

T and B
GI
Toxicity

Question 13

Hyper Acute rejection has _________ symptoms, organ must be ________
Acute rejection patient may have multiple acute ___________ episodes, response to ______________ medication adjustments
Chronic rejection occurs when there are __________ changes in the organ over time, scarring from multiple acute rejection episodes

Answer 13

immediate
removed
rejection
anti rejection
chronic

Question 14

**Graft vs Host disease is where the ______ rejects the _______ or recipient
* Onset of about ___-___ days
* Once started, _______ can be done to modify the course
* Donor __-______ attack and destroy ______ cells
* Target organs = ____, _______, ____ _______
* The biggest problem is the development of _________

Answer 14

graft, host
7-30
little
t-cells, host
skin, liver, GI tract
infection