Chapter 12: Cancer

Question 1

Pancytopenia is an abnormal decrease in _____s, ______s, and _________

Answer 1

WBCs
RBCs
Platelets

Question 2

Neutropenia is having a low level of _______________ (WBCs)

Answer 2

neutrophils

Question 3

Benign means that cells are NOT ______________ (but do not look like cell of origin)

Answer 3

cancerous

Question 4

Malignant cells or processes that are characteristic of ___________ (invade regular growth process)

Answer 4

cancer

Question 5

Well-differentiated cancer cells look more like ________ cells and tend to grow and spread more slowly

Answer 5

cancer

Question 6

Undifferentiated cells look ad behave very ____________from normal cells in the tissue they started to grown in

Answer 6

differently *** also more aggressive

Question 7

What are some examples of primary prevention of cancer?

Answer 7

Avoid known carcinogens
Lifestyle and Dietary changes
Eat a balanced diet
Maintain healthy weight
Adequate rest
Exercise regularly
Eliminate, reduce, cope with stress
Regular health exams
Known family hx and know your risks

Question 8

What are examples of secondary preventions of cancer?

Answer 8

Self-breast exam
Self testicular exam
Colonoscopy
PAP smear
Public/patient education

Question 9

What is cure surgery used for in cancer patients?

Answer 9

Performed to get rid of the cancer completely

Question 10

What is control surgery used for in cancer patients?

Answer 10

Performed to stop the spread/growth of tumor

Question 11

What is palliative surgery used for in cancer patients?

Answer 11

Performed to relieve symptoms and to improve the patient’s quality of life. Usually performed in an attempt to relieve symptoms such as ulceration, obstruction, hemorrhage, pain, and malignant effusions

Question 12

Patient receiving internal radiation become radioactive themselves (TRUE OR FALSE)

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

Patient who is receiving internal radiation does not have radioactive bodily secretions (TRUE OR FALSE)

Answer 13

FALSE— patients who are receiving internal radiation have radioactive bodily secretions/fluids

Question 14

Chemotherapy consists of agents used in attempt to ___________ cancer cells by interfering will cellular ______ and __________

Answer 14

destroy
function
replication

Question 15

What are the most common routes for Chemo administration?

Answer 15

PO
IM
IV

Question 16

CHEMO PRECAUTIONS
Chemo can be absorbed through _____, ___________, during ________,transport, and administration. Gloving is very important for the healthcare provider. ________ gloving for bodily secretions is very common

Answer 16

skin
inhalation
prep
Double

Question 17

Tolerable side effects : Controlled with _______
Toxic side effects: _________________
Most common side effects of chemo: _____

Answer 17

medication
uncontrollable
N&V

Question 18

Chemo can radiation can damage the immune system by reducing the number of infection fighting _______ _______ _____. This makes it harder for you body to fight ___________. An infection can also lead to sepsis, the body’s extreme response to an infection

Answer 18

white blood cells
infection

Question 19

Targeted therapies targets and binds to cell receptors important to _________ growth

Answer 19

tumor

Question 20

Monoclonal antibodies are capable of __________ to specific target cells to ultimately destroy them. These are administered by ___________

Answer 20

Binding
infusion

Question 21

Cytokines are ___________ that inhibit _____ and protein synthesis and increases the effects of natural ________ cells

Answer 21

interferons
DNA
killer

Question 22

Interleukins induce biological activities that activate the __________ system and alternates the function in ______ cells

Answer 22

immune
cancer

Question 23

Capillary leak syndrome is when a major ________ occurs resulting in changes in the permeability and vascular tone. Shift from intravascular to extravascular results in fluid ________.

Answer 23

toxicity
depletion

Question 24

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant involves taking stem cells from a donor or patient and infusing them into a ___________ who needs them. Stem cells are able to turn into ___________ is needed. These stem cells generate __________ cells to replace cells affected by disease

Answer 24

patient
whatever
healthy

Question 25

Allogeneic HSCT stem cell transplants are from_ ________ other than the patient

Answer 25

a donor

Question 26

Autologous stem cell transplants are from ___ ____________

Answer 26

the patient

Question 27

Syngeneic stem cell transplants are from an _____________ ______

Answer 27

identical twin

Question 28

Myeloablative stem cell transplants consists of giving the patient high dose _______ and occasionally total body ___________

Answer 28

chemo irradiation

Question 29

Nonmyeloblative stem cell transplants are also called _______-___________. These do not completely destroy ______ __________ cells

Answer 29

mini-transplants bone marrow

Question 30

Why do we use hematopoietic stem cell transplants?

Answer 30

Used to treat several malignant and nonmalignant diseases

Question 31

Reported pain from cancer patients should be ___________ and __________ as primary source for pain assessment data

Answer 31

believed accepted

Question 32

Long term pain medications are used ____________ to keep pain leveled and bearable. Short term pain meds are used during times such as when patient is working with ___________ ___________

Answer 32

everyday physical therapy

Question 33

Nurses need to screen patients for ________________ distress during the cancer experience. Patients are supported in managing various sources and levels of distress. Referral to mental health providers may be helpful to address specific concerns

Answer 33

psychosocial

Question 34

Why do we focus on nutrition in cancer patients? What are nutritional concerns? - ____________ impairment - Anorexia - Malabsorption - C________ related a________ c___________syndrome (CACS)

Answer 34

Nutritional Cancer, anorexia, cachexia

Question 35

Superior vena cava syndrome is the ______________ or incvasion of the superior cava by a ______

Answer 35

compression tumor

Question 36

S/S of superior vena cava syndrome - Facial and periorbital ________ - Dyspnea, cough, hoarseness, dysphagia, _______ pain - Distention of _______ in head, neck, chest - Increased ______, headache, altered mental status, visual disturbances, seizures, stroke

Answer 36

edema chest veins ICP

Question 37

What is the best and most commonly used and best way to treat Superior vena cava syndrome?

Answer 37

Radiation and/or chemo *** can also use : anticoagulants (prevent clotting, make flow easier) Stent/re-establishing circulation (open vena cava) Supportive care (oxygen, diuretics, steroids)

Question 38

Spinal cord compression occurs when a tumor is in the _________ space of ________ ________

Answer 38

epidural spinal cord

Question 39

S/S of spinal cord compression includes - Intense, localized persistent _______ pain - _______ weakness - ________ parenthesis and loss - Change in _________/_________ function

Answer 39

back motor sensory bladder/bowel

Question 40

Hypercalcemia occurs when the ____________ hormone like substance is secreted from cancer cells

Answer 40

parathyroid

Question 41

S/S of hypercalcemia include: - Apathy, depression, fatigue, weak _______ - _____ changes, polyuria, nocturnal, anorexia, N/V

Answer 41

muscles EKG

Question 42

Tumor lysis syndrome is triggered by ______’s rapid _____________ of large numbers of tumor cells

Answer 42

chemo destruction

Question 43

Increased serum phosphate caused calcium to decrease resulting in hypocalcemia (TRUE OR FALSE)

Answer 43

true

Question 44

What are the 4 hallmark signs of tumor lysis syndrome?

Answer 44

Hyperuricemia Hyperphosphatemia Hypocalcemia Hyperkalemia

Question 45

Tumor lysis syndrome can be _______

Answer 45

fatal

Question 46

A patient with TLS can be given __________ to treat TLS or it can be given beforehand

Answer 46

allopurinol