Chapter 53

Question 1

population ecology

Answer 1

the study of populations in relation to their environet. explores how biotic and abiotic factors influence the abundnace, dispersion, and age structure of a population

Question 2

density

Answer 2

the number of individuals per unit area or volume

Question 3

dispersion

Answer 3

pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population

Question 4

mark-recapture method

Answer 4

determingin population size

Question 5

carrying capacity

Answer 5

maximum population size the environment can support, varies with abundance of limiting resources

Question 6

when does population meet its maximum

Answer 6

half carrying capacity

Question 7

traits that affecst organisms reproduction and survival

Answer 7

age of repro, how often repro, how many offspring produces

Question 8

semelparity

Answer 8

reproduce once and die, highly variable and unpredicatable environments

Question 9

iteroparity

Answer 9

produce offspring repeatedly, more dependeable environments,

Question 10

r selection

Answer 10

density independent selection, selects for life history that maximize reproduction, smaller animals

Question 11

k selection

Answer 11

density dependent selection, slects for life history traits that are sensitive to population density

Question 12

survivorship curve

Answer 12

plot of the proportion or numbers in a cohort still alive at each age

Question 13

trade off for survival and reproduction

Answer 13

some species will reproduce rapidly to maxmizmie population and then die immediatley

Question 14

density dependent regulation factors

Answer 14

predation, negative feedback loop, disease, competition for resources, territories, intrinsic physiological factors

Question 15

population dynamics

Answer 15

fluctuations from year to year or place to place, focuses on the complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in population sizes

Question 16

exponential growth

Answer 16

occurs when there are ideal conditions, abundant food, free to reproduce anywhere, means the population grows at a constant proportion

Question 17

logistic growth

Answer 17

growth with a limit (carrying capacity), the rate of population growth as it reaches zero as the population size nears the carrying capacity, rate of population decreases as population size approaches K

Question 18

surviviorship curves

Answer 18

percentage of an original population that survives to a given age

Question 19

type one survivorship

Answer 19

mortality rises in post reproductive age (humans)

Question 20

type ii surviviorship

Answer 20

mortality is constant thoruhgt age (birds)

Question 21

type iii surviviorship

Answer 21

mortality is low after establishment, large decline in young (mice)

Question 22

density independent

Answer 22

a birthrate or death rate that does not change with population density

Question 23

density dependent

Answer 23

a death rate that increases with population density or a birth rate that falls with rising density