Chapter 20 Flashcards
nucleic acid hybridization
the base pairing of one strand of a nucleic acid to a complementary sequence
DNA sequencing
how researchers exploit the principle of complementary base pairing to determine the complete nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule
genetic engineering
the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes
DNA cloning
methods for preparing well defined segments of DNA in multiple identical copies
plasmids
small circular DNA molecules that are replicated separately
recombinant DNA molecule
a molecule containing DNA from two different sources
cloning vector
a DNA molecule that can carry foreign DNA into a host cell and be replicated
restriction enzymes
enzymes that cut DNA molecules at a limited number of specific locations
restriction site
a short DNA sequence where a restriction enzyme is located
restriction fragments
when a restriction enzyme makes many cuts in a such a DNA molecule
sticky end
at least one single stranded end at the end of a double stranded restriction fragment
complementary DNA
made from mRNA and lacks introns. can be used for protein expression in bacteria
reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
a DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single stranded RNA into DNA
Genomic libraries
ex. plasmid library, phage library
can be a delivery system for bacteria
how viruses replicate
replicate only in host cell, cannot replicate themselves, steal genetic information
