Ch 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Metabolic pathways

A

Totality of an organism’s chemical reactions

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2
Q

Anabolic pathways

A

Consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones

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3
Q

Catabolic pathways

A

Releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds

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4
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy associated with motion

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5
Q

Heat/thermal energy

A

Kinetic energy associated w/ random movement of atoms or molecules

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6
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

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7
Q

Chemical energy

A

Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

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8
Q

Entropy

A

Disorder of a System

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9
Q

Spontaneous rxn

A

occurs without energy input
Can happen en quickly or slowly
Increases entropy of the universe

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10
Q

Non spontaneous reaction

A

Requires energy input or energy coupling
Decreases the entropy of the universe

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11
Q

Free energy 🔼 G

A

Energy that can do work
Related to a change in enthalpy or change in total energy
Only processes with a negative G are spontaneous

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12
Q

Higher G

A

More free energy
Less stable
Greater work capacity
Reactants are favored

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13
Q

Spontaneous change

A

Free energy decreases
System becomes more stable
Released free energy can now do work

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14
Q

Lower G

A

Less free energy
More stable
Less work capacity

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15
Q

Exergonic reactions

A

Proceeds with a het release of free energy and is spontaneous
Energy is released
Catabolic reactions
Breaking things down

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16
Q

Endergonic reaction

A

Absorbs free energy from its surroundings and is non spontaneous
Energy is required
Anabolic pathways
Consumes energy to build pathways

17
Q

Energy coupling

A

How cells manage energy resources
Use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one
Most are mediated by ATP

18
Q

Work cells can do

A

Chemical, transport, mechanical

19
Q

Enzyme

A

Speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barrier
Catalytic protein

20
Q

Catalyst

A

Chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

21
Q

Activation energy

A

Initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction

22
Q

Substrate

A

Reactant that an enzyme acts on

23
Q

Active site

A

Region on enzyme where the substrate binds

24
Q

Induced fit

A

Brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the reaction

25
Q

Cofactors

A

Nonprotein enzyme helpers
May be inorganic or organic

26
Q

Coenzyme

A

Organic cofactor, includes vitamins

27
Q

Competitive inhibitors

A

Reduces enzyme productivity by blocking substrates from entering active sites

28
Q

Enzyme inhibitors

A

Bind to enzyme by weak interactions, this is reversible
Attaching to enzyme is irreversible

29
Q

Non competitive inhibitors

A

Binds to enzyme away from active sites altering the shape of the enzyme

30
Q

Allosteric regulation

A

Can either inhibit or stimulate an enzyme
Any case in which a protein’s function at one site is affected by binding to a separate site

31
Q

cooperativity

A

Form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity