Ch 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Fermentation

A

Partial degradation of sugars that occurs without 02
Alcohol fermentation, lactic acid fermentation

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2
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Consumes organic molecules and 02 and yields ATP

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3
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Consumes compounds other than o2

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4
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration

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5
Q

Oxidation

A

Substance loses electrons

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6
Q

Reduction

A

Substance gains electrons (positive charge is reduced)

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7
Q

Nadh

A

Passes the electrons to the electron transport chain
Represents stored energy that is tapped to synthesize ATP

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8
Q

Nad+

A

Reduced form of NADH
Functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration
A coenzyme
Electron acceptor

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9
Q

Glycolysis

A

Breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
Sugar splitting, occurs in cytoplasm
02 is not present

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10
Q

Citric acid cycle

A

Completes the breakdown of pyruvate to co2
Oxidizes organic fuel

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11
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

Mode of ATP synthesis
Powered by redox reactions in electron transport chain

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12
Q

Substrate level phosphorylation

A

Few reactions of glycolysis and citric acid cycle
Forms smaller amount of ATP

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13
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or ion

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14
Q

Pyruvate oxidation

A

Process that involves the oxidation of pyruvate to create coa

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15
Q

Steps to cellular respiration

A

① glycolysis
② pyrvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
③ oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosnosis

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16
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

Movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane
down electrochemical gradient