Chapter 5.1 Flashcards
1
Q
what is consciousness
A
our awareness of external stimuli
- subjective awareness of the world, our bodies, and our mental perspectives
2
Q
Circadian rhythm
A
- term for changes that occur on a roughly 24 hour basis in many of our biological processes, including hormone release, brain waves, body temperature, and drowsiness
3
Q
carcadian rhythm is regulated by
A
SCN suprachiasmatic nucleus
4
Q
SCN is found in the
A
hypothalamus
5
Q
carcadian rhythm is commonly known as the bodys
A
biological alarm clock
6
Q
SCN signals the pineal gland to secrete
A
melatonin
7
Q
Disruptions in circadian rhythm can result in
A
extreme problems with sleep
EX: Kleine levin sydrom (sleeping beauty disorder)
8
Q
how much sleep do most people need a day
A
7-10 hours
9
Q
what rare geneitic mutation can cause a person to require less sleep
A
DEC2
10
Q
how much sleep do collage kids need a day
A
9 hours
11
Q
how many hours of sleep do infants need a day
A
16 hours
12
Q
sleep deprivation involves
A
missing a period or restful sleep over one or more days
13
Q
accumulated sleep loss over muliple days is known as
A
sleep debt
14
Q
What are the 5 stages of sleep
A
1
2
3
4
REM
15
Q
what is the order of the sleep stages
A
1-2-3-4-3-2-1-REM-1-2..
16
Q
Beta waves
A
12-13 cycles / sec (awake/alert)
17
Q
Alpha waves
A
8-12 cycles/sec (relaxed/drowsy)
18
Q
stage 1 is also known as
A
light sleep
19
Q
how long does stage 1 last for
A
5-10 mins
20
Q
stage 1
A
- brief transitional stage of light sleep
- changes from alpha/beta waves (during wakefulness) to theta waves (when you have fallen asleep)
21
Q
theta waves
A
4-7 cycles/sec
22
Q
what can occur during stage 1
A
- myoclonic jerks and hypnagogic imagery
23
Q
how long does stage 2 typically last
A
10-25 mins
24
Q
how is stage 2 characterized
A
sleep spindals and k-complexes
25
what kind of waves are there in stage 2
predomominatly theta waves
26
stage 2 happens when
brain waves decelerate, heart rate slows, body tempurature decreases, muscles relax, and eye movements cease
27
how long does it take to enter stage 3&4 of sleep
10-30 mins
28
Stage 3&4 of sleep are called
slow wave sleep
29
stage 3&4 of sleep are chacaterized by
delta waves
30
Delta waves are around _____-____ cycles per second
0.5-2
31
what is the difference between stage 3 & 4 of sleep
how much of the brain waves are delta waves
32
why are stage 3 & 4 important
to feel rested
33
what percentage of delta waves are in stage 3
`20-50
34
what percentage of delta waves are in stage 4
more than 50
35
how much does REM sleep occupy of our nights sleep
20-25%
36
how long do cycles of REM last for
20mins to 1 hour
37
When does dreaming occur
in both REM and NREM sleep
- more common in REM though
38
what percentage of REM periods are accosiated with dreaming
82%
39
what percentage of NREM periods are associated with dreaming
43%
40
do our eyes dart around in REM sleep
yes
41
does middle ear activity occur during REM sleep
yes
42
can we move in REM sleep
no
- bodys are paralyzed except in people with REM behaviour disorder
43
Lucid dreaming
the experience of becoming aware that you are dreaming while you are asleep
44
what percentage of people report a sleep disorder
30-50
45
what are some of the most common sleep disorders
- Insomnia
- Narcolepsy
- Sleep Apnea
- Night Terrors
- sleep walking
46
insomnia
difficultly falling and staying asleep
47
what forms does insomina take
- having trouble falling asleep (regurally take more than 30 mins to fall asleep)
- waking up to early in the morning
- waking up during the night and having troible returning to sleep
48
Insomnia treatments
- proper going to bed habits
- sleeping pills
- psychotherapy
49
Narcolepsy
a disorder in which people experience episodes of sudden sleep
50
Narcolepsy is associated with
Cataplexy
51
Causes of Narcolepsy
- genetics
- specific type of damage to the brain
- lack of hormone orexin
52
Narcolepsy treatment
- drug modafinil
- orexin replacement (experimental)
53
Sleep apnea
- disorder caused by a blockage of the airway during sleep, resulting in daytime fatigue
54
Sleep Apnea treatment
- weight loss
- surgical removal of tonsils (children)
- CPAP machine
55
night terrors occur mainly in
children
56
how long do neight terror episodes last
only a few minutes
57
Night Terrors
- sudden waking episodes characterized by screaming, perspiriing, and confusion, follwed by a return to deep sleep
58
what percentage of children sleep walk
15-30%
59
What percentage of adults sleep walk
4-5%
60
Sleep walking
walking while fully asleep
61
people are more likely to sleep walk when
deprived of sleep
62
What are the four major theories of Dreaming
- Freud's Dream Protection theory
- Activation-synthesis theory
- Neurocognitive theory
- The Dream Continuity Hypothesis
63
Freuds view on ego
- is weekest when we are asleep
- therefore normally controlled impulses can come to the surface and disturb out sleep
63
To freud, dreams are the _________ of sleep
gardians (protectors)
64
according to freud our ego is also known as our
mental censor
65
according to freud do dreams protect us
yes
66
the __________ disguised these impulses. Transforms them into symbols representing __________
dreamwork
wish fulfilment
67
manifest content
is the things we experience as we dream
68
latent content
is the hidden meaning behind our dreams
69
Activation synthesis
- proposed that dreams reflect brain activation
- brain activates in a haphazard and semi-chaotic way when asleep
- dreams are the brains attempt to make sense of random and internally generated neural signals that occur mostly during REM
70
Neurocognitive Theory
- dreams are more than random neural impulses, they reflect ordinary, waking concernes, show stability over time, and relate to our lived experience
- dreams are simulations in which we place ourselves in differnet mental scenarios to expolre possible outcomes
71
Dream Continuity Hypothesis
- dreams mirror our life circumstances
- supported by a lost of evidence surrounding the content of dreams in many ways, but not all. So doesnt explain the whole story
72
some researchers believe that the _____ plays a large role in dreaming
forebrain
73
damage to the _____ _______ ______ ____ or ______ _____ can lead to complete loss of dreaming
- deep frontal white matter
- parietal lobes
74
do dreams follow our development
yes
75
what does the typical 5 year old dream of
a pet or a zoo animal
76
What do children 9-10 dream about
- dreams with a lack of movement and are simple
- lack emotions
77
when do people start to dream like adults
after the age of 10
