Chapter 5 - Perceptual and Motor Development Flashcards
What is sensation?
Energy from the environment sending changes to sense receptors
What is perception?
Interpreting stimuli
What is habituation?
Paying less attention to something as it becomes familiar.
Automatic decrease in the intensity of a response after the repeated stimulus.
Our brain is wired to react to:
novel stimuli
Researchers use the idea of habituation to study:
perception
What is the auditory threshold?
The quietest sound a person can hear
Babies’ hearing is best primed to hear ______ in human speech
pitches
Infants also demonstrate early _______ to music
sensitivity
Babies can hear at __ months prenatally
5
Hearing impairments can be caused by _______ or_______
heredity; disease
What is visual acuity?
the smallest pattern that can be dependently distinguished.
The sharpness of vision
Allows us to see detail
What is music sensitivity?
Babies can differentiate the different kinds of music and respond to separate genres.
By _________, the infants visual acuity is fully developed like an adults
6 months
What are cones?
Structures in the retina of the eye - they detect colour
If the pupils do not dilate it probably means:
there is something wrong with the brain stem
By __ or __ months, infant’s colour perception is like adults colour perception
3 or 4
Up until ______, the baby scans its environment and can see an edge
2 months
By __ to __ months, they can start to identify things
2 to 3
What is sensory integration?
Multiple sensory systems become active in any setting and those systems have to be put together and reconstructed so that what you see is a continuous reality.
Motion, colour, texture, and aligned edges are used to:
perceive objects
By __ months, infants have size, shape, brightness, and colour constancy
4
Many cues are used to infer depth:
kinetic cues, visual expansion, motion parallax, retinal disparity, pictorial cues
As motor skills develop, so does:
perception
Q
when you allow the baby to explore the world themselves, they better develop their ______ and ________ skills.
perception; motor
Infants have ____ preferences
face
Children with ___ have deficits in the perception of objects and faces
ASD
What is attention?
The selection of information that will be processed further.
What does ADHD stand for?
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
ADHD occurs more often in ____ than in ____, with a : ratio
boys; girls, 4;1
What are the three key symptoms of ADHD?
Hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity
What is hyperactivity?
A lot of energy, boundless energy
What is inattention?
Attention is always shifting
What is impulsivity?
Acting without thinking
Signs vs Symptoms
Signs are what you see, Symptoms are what you have
How many of the ADHD symptoms do you need to have in order to get a diagnosis?
All 3
________ is an important factor to ADHD
Heredity
_____ doesn’t stay in the synapse for that long because the proteins that pick it up are working too fast.
Dopamine
Dopamine is a ___________
neurotransmitter
Drugs combined with __________ are the best solution for ADHD
psychosocial treatment
What is the dynamic systems theory?
Motor development involves many distinct skills that are developing at the same time in a dynamic way.
_______ and _________ of component skills are necessary for coordination
Differentiation; integration
Reaching and grasping becomes more coordinated throughout _________
infancy
What is locomotion?
The ability to walk or move
over-use of modern technology may be having _____ effects on the development of fine movement and strength in finger muscles.
negative
Hand preference becomes stronger during the:
preschool years
The fitness levels of Canadian children are considered:
low
