Chapter 5 Pathology

Question 1

anorexia

Answer 1

lack of appetite

Question 2

ascites

Answer 2

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Question 3

borborygmi

Answer 3

rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract

Question 4

constipation

Answer 4

difficulty in passing stools

Question 5

diarrhea

Answer 5

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

Question 6

dysphagia

Answer 6

difficulty in swallowing

Question 7

eructation

Answer 7

belching
gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

Question 8

flatus

Answer 8

fart

Question 9

hematochezia

Answer 9

passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

Question 10

jaundice (icterus)

Answer 10

hyperbilirubinemia
yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood

Question 11

melena

Answer 11

black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

Question 12

nausea

Answer 12

unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit

Question 13

steatorrhea

Answer 13

fat in the feces

Question 14

apthous stomatitis

Answer 14

inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

Question 15

dental caries

Answer 15

tooth decay

Question 16

herpetic stomatitis

Answer 16

inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus

Question 17

oral leukoplakia

Answer 17

white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth
precancerous lesion

Question 18

periodontal disease

Answer 18

inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

Question 19

achalasia

Answer 19

failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax

Question 20

esophageal cancer

Answer 20

malignant tumor of the esophagus

Question 21

esophageal varices

Answer 21

swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Question 22

gastric cancer

Answer 22

malignant tumor of the stomach

Question 23

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 23

solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

Question 24

hernia

Answer 24

protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it

Question 25

peptic ulcer

Answer 25

open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

Question 26

anal fistula

Answer 26

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

Question 27

colonic polyps

Answer 27

polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

Question 28

colorectal cancer

Answer 28

adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both

Question 29

Crohn disease

Answer 29

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

Question 30

diverticulosis

Answer 30

abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon diverticulitis is a complication of diverticulosis

Question 31

dysentery

Answer 31

painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection "Such a crappy way to go."

Question 32

hemorrhoids

Answer 32

swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region

Question 33

ileus

Answer 33

loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

Question 34

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Answer 34

inflammation of the colon and small intestine see Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis

Question 35

intussusception

Answer 35

telescoping of the intestines one segment of the bowel collapses into the opening of another segment

Question 36

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer 36

group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation) without structural abnormalities in the intestines

Question 37

ulcerative colitis

Answer 37

chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers an inflammatory bowel disease

Question 38

volvulus

Answer 38

twisting of the intestine on itself

Question 39

cholelithiasis

Answer 39

gallstones in the gallbladder

Question 40

cirrhosis

Answer 40

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Question 41

hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Answer 41

liver cancer

Question 42

pancreatic cancer

Answer 42

malignant tumor of the pancreas

Question 43

pancreatitis

Answer 43

inflammation of the pancreas

Question 44

viral hepatitis

Answer 44

inflammation of the liver caused by a virus Hepatitis A spread by contaminated food/water Hepatitis B spread through bodily fluids and sexual contact Hepatitis C spread through blood