Chapter 12 Pathology

Question 1

auscultation

Answer 1

listening to sounds within the body

Question 2

percussion

Answer 2

tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

Question 3

pleural rub

Answer 3

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

Question 4

rales (crackles)

Answer 4

fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli

Question 5

rhonchi

Answer 5

loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

Question 6

sputum

Answer 6

material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting

Question 7

stridor

Answer 7

strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

Question 8

wheezes

Answer 8

continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing

Question 9

croup

Answer 9

acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor

Question 10

diptheria

Answer 10

acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diptheria bacterium (Corynebacterium)

Question 11

epistaxis

Answer 11

nosebleed

Question 12

pertussis

Answer 12

whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis

Question 13

paroxysmal

Answer 13

violent; sudden

Question 14

asthma

Answer 14

chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchiolar edema and constriction

Question 15

purulent

Answer 15

containing pus

Question 16

bronchiectasis

Answer 16

chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection

Question 17

palliative

Answer 17

treating the symptoms; noncurative

Question 18

chronic bronchitis

Answer 18

inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 19

cystic fibrosis (CF)

Answer 19

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally

Question 20

atelectasis

Answer 20

collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

Question 21

emphysema

Answer 21

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

Question 22

cor pulmonale

Answer 22

right heart failure

Question 23

lung cancer

Answer 23

malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi; non-small cell (NSCLC) and small cell (SCLC)

Question 24

pneumoconiosis

Answer 24

abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts; with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

Question 25

anthracosis

Answer 25

coal dust in the lung

Question 26

asbestosis

Answer 26

asbestos in the lung

Question 27

silicosis

Answer 27

glass dust in the lung

Question 28

pneumonia

Answer 28

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

Question 29

exudate

Answer 29

fluid, blood cells, debris that leave a structure bc of damage

Question 30

infiltrate

Answer 30

substance that enters a structure due to damage

Question 31

pulmonary abscess

Answer 31

large collection of pus in the lungs

Question 32

pulmonary edema

Answer 32

fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

Question 33

pulmonary embolism (PE)

Answer 33

clot or other material lodges in the vessels of the lung

Question 34

pulmonary infarction

Answer 34

dead (necrotic) tissue in the lung

Question 35

pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 35

formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

Question 36

sarcoidosis

Answer 36

chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

Question 37

tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 37

infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected

Question 38

mesothelioma

Answer 38

rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura

Question 39

pleural effusion

Answer 39

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

Question 40

pleurisy (pleuritis)

Answer 40

inflammation of the pleura

Question 41

pneumothorax

Answer 41

collection of air in the pleural space

Question 42

bacilli

Answer 42

rod-shaped bacteria