Chapter 16 Pathology

Question 1

crust

Answer 1

collection of dried serum and cellular debris (ie a scab)

Question 2

cyst

Answer 2

thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material

Question 3

erosion

Answer 3

wearing away or loss of epidermis

Question 4

fissure

Answer 4

groove or crack-like sore

Question 5

macule

Answer 5

flat, pigmented lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter

Question 6

nodule

Answer 6

solid, round, or oval elevated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter

Question 7

papule

Answer 7

small (less than 1 cm diameter) solid elevation of the skin (ie skin tags, pimples)

Question 8

pustule

Answer 8

papule containing pus

Question 9

ulcer

Answer 9

open sore on the skin or mucous membranes (deeper erosion)

Question 10

vesicle

Answer 10

small collection of clear fluid (serum); blister

Question 11

wheal

Answer 11

smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is centrally redder than the surrounding skin (ie mosquito bites, allergic reactions)

Question 12

alopecia

Answer 12

absence of hair from areas where it normally grows

Question 13

ecchymosis

Answer 13

bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin

Question 14

petechia

Answer 14

small, pinpoint hemorrhage

Question 15

pruritus

Answer 15

itching
note it’s not -itis

Question 16

acne

Answer 16

chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum

Question 17

burns

Answer 17

injury to tissues caused by heat contact

Question 18

types of burns

Answer 18

first-degree: superficial
second-degree: partial-thickness; blisters and pain
third-degree burns: full-thickness; destruction of skin and damage to subcutaneous tissue; no sensation

Question 19

cellulitis

Answer 19

diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling

Question 20

eczema (atopic dermatitis)

Answer 20

inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular, or papulosquamous lesions

Question 21

exanthematous viral diseases

Answer 21

rash (exanthem) of the skin due to a viral infection

Question 22

gangrene

Answer 22

death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply

Question 23

impetigo

Answer 23

bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions

Question 24

psoriasis

Answer 24

chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales

Question 25

scabies

Answer 25

contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus

Question 26

scleroderma

Answer 26

chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue

Question 27

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Answer 27

chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs

Question 28

tinea

Answer 28

infection of the skin caused by a fungus

Question 29

urticaria (hives)

Answer 29

acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin

Question 30

vitiligo

Answer 30

loss of pigment (depigmentation) in areas of the skin (milk-white patches)

Question 31

callus

Answer 31

increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction

Question 32

keloid

Answer 32

excess hypertrophied, thickened scar developing after trauma or surgical incision

Question 33

keratosis

Answer 33

thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis, associated with aging or skin damage

Question 34

leukoplakia

Answer 34

white, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek (evolves to squamous cell carcinoma)

Question 35

nevus

Answer 35

pigmented lesion of the skin (moles)

Question 36

verruca

Answer 36

epidermal growth (wart) caused by a virus

Question 37

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 37

malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis

Question 38

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 38

malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis

Question 39

malignant melanoma

Answer 39

cancerous growth composed of melanocytes

Question 40

kaposi sarcoma

Answer 40

malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules