Chapter 19 Procedures

Question 1

cytogenetic analysis

Answer 1

chromosomes of normal or tumor cells are examined for breaks, translocations, or deletions of DNA

Question 2

immunohistochemistry

Answer 2

localization of antigens or proteins in tissues using labeled (colored or fluorescent) antibodies

Question 3

protein marker tests

Answer 3

measure the level of proteins in the blood or on the surface of tumor cells

Question 4

bone marrow biopsy

Answer 4

aspiration of bone marrow tissue and examination under a microscope for evidence of malignant cells

Question 5

bone marrow or stem cell transplantation

Answer 5

bone marrow or stem cells are infused intravenously into a patient

Question 6

core needle biopsy

Answer 6

insertion of a large-bore needle into tissue to remove a core of cells for microscopic examination

Question 7

exfoliative cytology

Answer 7

cells are scraped from the region of suspected disease and examined under a microscope

Question 8

fiberoptic colonoscopy

Answer 8

visual examination of the colon using a fiberoptic instrument

Question 9

laparoscopy

Answer 9

visual examination of the abdominal cavity using small incisions and a laparoscope

Question 10

liquid biopsy

Answer 10

test done on a sample of blood to look for cancer cells, or pieces of DNA from tumor cells

Question 11

mammography

Answer 11

x-ray examination of the breast to detect breast cancer

Question 12

PET-CT scan

Answer 12

diagnostic procedures combining CT (computed tomography) and PET (positron emission tomography)

Question 13

radionuclide scans

Answer 13

radioactive substances (radionuclides) are injected intravenously, and scans (images) of organs are obtained