Chapter 18 Pathology Flashcards
hyperthyroidism
overactivity of the thyroid gland; thyrotoxicosis
includes Graves disease
hypothyroidism
underactivity of the thyroid gland
myxedema is advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood; cretinism is extreme hypothyroidism in infancy/childhood
thyroid carcinoma
cancer of the thyroid gland
hyperparathyroidism
excessive production of parathormone
hypoparathyroidism
deficient production of parathyroid hormone
causes hypocalcemia and tetany; muscle/nerve weakness and spasms
adrenal virilism
excessive secretion of adrenal androgens
can cause virilization in adult women; including hirsutism (excessive hair)
Cushing syndrome
group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex
includes obesity, moon-like fullness, excess deposition of fat in thoracic region of back, etc
Addison disease
hypofunctioning of the adrenal gland
pheochromocytoma
benign tumor of the adrenal medulla
hyperinsulinism
excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia
diabetes mellitus (DM)
lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells
acromegaly
hypersecretion of growth hormone from anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to enlargement of extremeties
gigantism
hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues
dwarfism
congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone; hypopituitary dwarfism
panhypopituitarism
deficiency of all pituitary hormones
