Chapter 5 notecards

Question 1

piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory
1st stage _________
initially think with their eyes ears and hands
by the end, children can solve problems and represent their experiences in speech and gesture

Answer 1

sensoriomotor stage birth-2 years

Question 2

involves building schemes through direct interaction wiith the environment
________ use current schemes to interpret the external world
ex: when dropping objects and watching them fall, baby is assimilating them

Answer 2

adaptation

assimilation

Question 3

create new schemes or adjust old ones after noticing that the current ways of thinking do not capture the environment completely

Answer 3

accomodation

Question 4

new schemes are rearragnged and linked with other schemes to create and interconnected cognitive system
internal process, apart from the direct contact with the environment
ex) baby will eventually related dropping to throwing and develop its understanding of nearness and farness

Answer 4

organization

Question 5

stumbling onto a new experience caused by the baby own motor activity, then trying to repeat the event again and again
ex) 2 month old accidentally makes a smacking noise after a feeding, then tries to repeat the noise until it is an expert at lip smacking

Answer 5

circular reaction

Question 6

babies suck, grasp, and look in the same way no matter what experiences they encounter
ex) 2 week old laying bed next to her father, begins sucking on his arm

Answer 6

reflexive schemes

Question 7

repeat chance behaviors largely motivated by basic needs

ex) 1 month old will open its mouth differently for a nipple than for a spoon

Answer 7

primary circular reactions

Question 8

try to repeat interesting events in the surrounding environment that are caused by their own actions
ex) 4 month old accidentally knocks a toy hanging in front of her producing a swinging motion and attempts to repeat this effect

Answer 8

secondary circular actions

Question 9

combine schemes into new, more complex action sequences

intentional or goal directed behavior - coordinating schemes to deliberately solve simple problems

Answer 9

coordination of secondary circular reactions

Question 10

toddlers repeat behaviors with variation or experiment in specific situations

Answer 10

tertiary circular reactions

Question 11

ability to create internal depictions of information that the mind can manipulate
images, concepts

Answer 11

mental representations

Question 12

ability to remember and copy the behavior of models who are not present

Answer 12

deferred imitation

Question 13

babies are born with a set of innate knowledge systems or core domains of thought, that support early, rapid developmetnt
argues that infants could not make sense of the complex stimulation around them without having been genetically set up to do so

Answer 13

core knowledge perspective

Question 14

where information enters, sights and sounds are represented directly and stored briefly

Answer 14

sensory register

Question 15

2nd part of the mind, where we actively apply mental strategies as we “work” on a limited amount of information
as we connect separate pieces of information into a single representation, we make more room in working memory for more information

Answer 15

working, or short term memory

Question 16

conscious reflective part of our mental system

Answer 16

central executive

Question 17

3rd and largest storage area, our permanent knowledge base, unlimited

Answer 17

long term memory

Question 18

a range of tasks that a child cannot yet handle alone but can do with the help of more skilled partners

Answer 18

zone of proximal development

Question 19

measure behaviors that reflect development and arrive at scores that predict future performance

Answer 19

goal of mental tests

Question 20

checklist for gathering information about the quality of children’s home lives through observation and parental interviews

Answer 20

HOME

Question 21

children attend an organized child-care or preschool program where they receive educational, nutritional, and health services, and parents receive child-rearing and other social-service supports

Answer 21

center based

Question 22

skilled adult visits the home and works with parents, teaching them how to stimulate young children’s development

Answer 22

home based

Question 23

proposed that language like all behaviors is acquired through operant conditioning
when parents reinforce their baby’s sounds that most sound like words

Answer 23

BF SKinner

behavorist perspective

Question 24

his theory regards young childrens language skill as innate

children are born with a _-___containing a set of rules common to all languages

Answer 24

noam chomsky
nativist perspective
language acquisition device (LAD)

Question 25

emphasizes interactions between inner capacities and environmental influences

Answer 25

interactionist perspective

Question 26

when toddlers first learn words they often apply them too narrowly an error called _____

Answer 26

underextension

Question 27

applying a word to a wider collection of objects and events than is appropriate

Answer 27

overextension

Question 28

at all ages _______ develops before language production

Answer 28

language comprehension

Question 29

once toddlers can produce about 200 words, they begin to form 2 word utterances called

Answer 29

telegraphic speech

Question 30

vocabularies consist of mainly words that refer to object (most common style)

Answer 30

referential style

Question 31

learn to produce many more pronouns and social formulas

because they believe words are talking about ppls feelings and needs

Answer 31

expressive style

Question 32

form of communication made up of short sentences with high pitched ,exaggerated expression, ,clear punctuation distinct pauses between speech segments and reputation of words in a variety of contexts

Answer 32

child directed speech