Chapter 2 notecards

Question 1

individuals unique genetic makeup

Answer 1

genotype

Question 2

directly observable characteristics

Answer 2

phenotype

Question 3

rodlike structures inside the nucleus of each cell in the body
store and transmit genetic information

Answer 3

chromosome

Question 4

segments of DNA located along the chromosomes

Answer 4

genes

Question 5

substance of which genes and chromosomes are made

Answer 5

DNA

Question 6

when DNA duplicates itself

Answer 6

mitosis

Question 7

22 pairs of chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes

Answer 7

autosomes

Question 8

23rd pair of chromosomes, determine sex

Answer 8

sexchromosomes

Question 9

gametes are formed through _______

Answer 9

meiosis

Question 10

two forms of the same gene

Answer 10

allele

Question 11

when a harmful allele is carried on the X chromosome,

______ are more likely to e affected because their sex chromosomes do not match

Answer 11

X-linked inheritance

Question 12

a pattern of inheritance in which both alleles are expressed, results in a combined trait intermediate between the two alleles

Answer 12

incomplete dominance

Question 13

many genes influence a characteristic

Answer 13

polygenic inheritance

Question 14

alleles are imprinted or chemically marked so that one pair member is activated, regardless of its makeup;

Answer 14

genomic imprinting

Question 15

problems with the 21st chromosome

Answer 15

down syndrome

Question 16

presence of an extra chromosome or absence of one X in females

Answer 16

sex chromosome abnormalities

Question 17

presence of an extra chromosome or absence of one X in females

Answer 17

sex chromosome abnormalities

Question 18

younger ages, child has no control over its genetic influence on environment because parents provide environments influenced by their own heredity

Answer 18

passive correlation

Question 19

children evoke responses from the environment that are influenced by their own heredity

Answer 19

evocative correlation

Question 20

children extend their experiences beyond immediate family

Answer 20

active correlation

Question 21

development results from ongoing, bidirectional exchanges between heredity and all levels of the environment

Answer 21

epigenesis

Question 22

people define themselves as a part of a group
stress importance of group goals over individual goals
value interdependent self
more common in asian societies

Answer 22

collectivist

Question 23

people define themselves as separate entities; separate from other people
largely concerned with individual/personal needs and goals
value indepedennt self
more common in western societies like the US

Answer 23

individualistic

Question 24

each person’s unique, genetically determined response to the environment

Answer 24

range of reaction