Chapter 4 notecards Flashcards

1
Q

refers to changes in behavior as the result of experience

A

learning

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2
Q

increases the probability that the behavior will occur again

A

reinforcer

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3
Q

decreases the probability that the behavior will occur again

A

punishment

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4
Q

gradual reduction in the strength of a response due to repetitive stimulation

A

habituation

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5
Q

new stimulus, or a change in the environment, causes responsiveness to return to a high level

A

recovery

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6
Q

actions that help an infant move around the environmet

crawiling, standing, walking

A

gross motor development

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7
Q

smaller movements

reaching and grasping

A

fine-motor development

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8
Q

motor control: control head 1st, control arms and trunk 2nd, and control legs 3rd

A

cephalocaudal trend

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9
Q

head trunk and arm control appears before coordination of the hands and fingers

A

prodimodistal trend

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10
Q

clumsy motion in which the fingers close against the palm

_____ old

A

ulnar grasp

3-4 months

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11
Q

more coordinated grasp using the thumb and index finger opposably
_______

A

pincer grasp

9 months old

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12
Q

hearing development shifts from ______ to ________

A

sensation,perception

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13
Q

sense of musical phrasing

prefer structured musical sounds

A

4-7 months

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14
Q

screen out sounds from non native languages

A

6-8 months

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15
Q

extend sensitivity to speech structure
recognize familiar words
natural phrasing in native language

A

7-9 months

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16
Q

ability to analyze speech recurring sequences of sounds and extract patterns from complex continuous speech

A

statistical learning capacity

17
Q

motion perception

blink eyes defensively when an object moves toward their face is if it is going to hit

A

3-4 weeks old

18
Q

binocular depth
occurs because our eyes have slightly different views of the visual field and the brain blends the two images, resulting in perception of depth

A

2-3 months

19
Q

pictorial depth and fear of heights

A

6-7 months

20
Q

the difference in the amount of light between adjacent regions in a pattern

21
Q

simultaneous input from multiple senses

A

intermodal stimulation

22
Q

perceiving running streams of light, sound, tactile, odor and taste information as unified wholes

A

intermodal perception

23
Q

information that overlaps two or more sensory systems

ex) texture and shape- holdiing a red block in your hand, seeing the color and feeling the texture and seeing the shape

A

amodal sensory properties

24
Q

can detect modal sensory properties

A

birth-3months

25
can relate speech sounds to lip movements
3-4 months
26
can perceive unique face-voice pairings of unfamiliar adults
4-6 months
27
can match voices and faces on the basis of gender
8 months
28
infants actively search for invariant features of the environment in a constantly changing perceptual world
differentiation theory
29
_______ may play the greatest role in infant cognitive development opens up a whole new way of exploring the environment
voluntary reaching
30
poorly coordinated swipes or swings
prereaching (newborn-3months)
31
passive, what baby receptors detect when exposed to stimulation
sensation
32
active organize and interpret what is perceived
perception