chapter 10 notecards Flashcards
in middle childhood, children tend to emphasize ________ rather than specific behaviors
ex. im a very good pianist rather than i play this song well
they can clearly describe their personality including both ______ and _____ traits
competencies
positive
negative
judgements of their appearance, abilities and behavior in relation to those of others
social comparisons
another influence on the content of self concept is _
feedback from others
most preschoolers have extremely high _______
but as children enter school and receive much more feedback about how well they perform compared with their peers, self esteem differentiates and adjusts to a more realistic level
high self esteem
correlated with unrealistically high self esteem, undermines development
overinduldgent permissive parenting
children whose parents use an ______child rearing style feel especially good about themselves
authoritative
controlling ______ parents communicat a sense of inadequacyy to their children
authoritarian
common every day explanations for the causes of behavior
attributions
school age children who are high in academic self esteem and motivation make __________
mastery oriented attributions
children who develop ___________ attribute their failures to ability, but when they succeed conclude that external factors such as luck are responsible
learned helplessness
school age children unlike preschoolers are likely to explain emotion by referring to _____ rather than to external events
internal states
children appraise the situation as changeable, identify the difficulty and decide what to do about it
problem centered coping
internal, private and aimed at controlling distress when little can be done about an outcome
emotion centered coping
children who believe that personality traits are fixed rather than changeable often judge others a good or bad
they ignore circumstances and readily form prejudices based on limited information
a fixed view of personality traits
children and adults with overly high self esteem are more likely to hold racial and ethnic prejudices
overly high sellf esteem
the more adults highlight group distinctions of children and the less interracial contact children experience, the more likely children are to display prejudice
a social world in which people are sorted into groups
collectives that generate unique values and standards for behavior and social structure of leaders and followers
peer groups
refers to likability - the extent to which a child is viewed by a group of age mates as a worthy social partner
peer acceptance
asking children to identify classmates who they like very much or like very little
social preferences
childrens judgements of whom most of their classmates admire
social prominence
usually combine academic and social competence
they perform well in school and communicating with peers in sensitive friendly and cooperitave wways
popular prosocial children
may be “tough boys who are athetically skilled but are poor students who cause trouble and defy adult authority, or relationally aggressive boys and girls who ignore exclude and spread rumors about other children as a way of enhancing their own status
popular antisocial children
the largest subtype of rejected children, show high rates of conflict, physical and relational aggression and hyperactive and impulsive behavior
are also deficient in perspective taking and emotion regulation
rejected aggressive children
are passive, socially awkward and overwhelmed by social anxiety
rejected withdrawn children
a form of supervision in which parents exercise general oversight while permitting children to be in charge of moment to moment decision making
coregulation
although divorce is painful for choldren remaining in an ______ but ______ family is worse for children than making the transition to a low conflict single parent household
intact
high conflict
a series of meetings between divorcing adults and a trained professional aimed at reducing family conduct, including battles over property division and child custody
divorce mediated
grants both parents equal say in important decisions about childs upbringing
joint custody
