chapter 10 notecards

Question 1

in middle childhood, children tend to emphasize ________ rather than specific behaviors
ex. im a very good pianist rather than i play this song well
they can clearly describe their personality including both ______ and _____ traits

Answer 1

competencies
positive
negative

Question 2

judgements of their appearance, abilities and behavior in relation to those of others

Answer 2

social comparisons

Question 3

another influence on the content of self concept is _

Answer 3

feedback from others

Question 4

most preschoolers have extremely high _______
but as children enter school and receive much more feedback about how well they perform compared with their peers, self esteem differentiates and adjusts to a more realistic level

Answer 4

high self esteem

Question 5

correlated with unrealistically high self esteem, undermines development

Answer 5

overinduldgent permissive parenting

Question 6

children whose parents use an ______child rearing style feel especially good about themselves

Answer 6

authoritative

Question 7

controlling ______ parents communicat a sense of inadequacyy to their children

Answer 7

authoritarian

Question 8

common every day explanations for the causes of behavior

Answer 8

attributions

Question 9

school age children who are high in academic self esteem and motivation make __________

Answer 9

mastery oriented attributions

Question 10

children who develop ___________ attribute their failures to ability, but when they succeed conclude that external factors such as luck are responsible

Answer 10

learned helplessness

Question 11

school age children unlike preschoolers are likely to explain emotion by referring to _____ rather than to external events

Answer 11

internal states

Question 12

children appraise the situation as changeable, identify the difficulty and decide what to do about it

Answer 12

problem centered coping

Question 13

internal, private and aimed at controlling distress when little can be done about an outcome

Answer 13

emotion centered coping

Question 14

children who believe that personality traits are fixed rather than changeable often judge others a good or bad
they ignore circumstances and readily form prejudices based on limited information

Answer 14

a fixed view of personality traits

Question 15

children and adults with overly high self esteem are more likely to hold racial and ethnic prejudices

Answer 15

overly high sellf esteem

Question 16

the more adults highlight group distinctions of children and the less interracial contact children experience, the more likely children are to display prejudice

Answer 16

a social world in which people are sorted into groups

Question 17

collectives that generate unique values and standards for behavior and social structure of leaders and followers

Answer 17

peer groups

Question 18

refers to likability - the extent to which a child is viewed by a group of age mates as a worthy social partner

Answer 18

peer acceptance

Question 19

asking children to identify classmates who they like very much or like very little

Answer 19

social preferences

Question 20

childrens judgements of whom most of their classmates admire

Answer 20

social prominence

Question 21

usually combine academic and social competence

they perform well in school and communicating with peers in sensitive friendly and cooperitave wways

Answer 21

popular prosocial children

Question 22

may be “tough boys who are athetically skilled but are poor students who cause trouble and defy adult authority, or relationally aggressive boys and girls who ignore exclude and spread rumors about other children as a way of enhancing their own status

Answer 22

popular antisocial children

Question 23

the largest subtype of rejected children, show high rates of conflict, physical and relational aggression and hyperactive and impulsive behavior
are also deficient in perspective taking and emotion regulation

Answer 23

rejected aggressive children

Question 24

are passive, socially awkward and overwhelmed by social anxiety

Answer 24

rejected withdrawn children

Question 25

a form of supervision in which parents exercise general oversight while permitting children to be in charge of moment to moment decision making

Answer 25

coregulation

Question 26

although divorce is painful for choldren remaining in an ______ but ______ family is worse for children than making the transition to a low conflict single parent household

Answer 26

intact

high conflict

Question 27

a series of meetings between divorcing adults and a trained professional aimed at reducing family conduct, including battles over property division and child custody

Answer 27

divorce mediated

Question 28

grants both parents equal say in important decisions about childs upbringing

Answer 28

joint custody