Chapter 5: Energy & Enzymes

Question 1

Energy is

Answer 1

Capacity to do work

Question 2

Work is

Answer 2

Move matter against an opposing force

Question 3

Kinetic energy

Answer 3

The energy of movement

Question 4

Heat is a form of

Answer 4

Kinetic energy because it comes from the movement of molecules

Question 5

Light is also a form of

Answer 5

Kinetic energy

Question 6

Potential energy

Answer 6

Stored energy, often related to location or position

Question 7

Chemical energy

Answer 7

Energy stored in chemical bonds

Question 8

Laws of Thermodynamics

Answer 8

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only shift forms

Question 9

Conversion of energy will result in

Answer 9

Some loss of energy in the form of heat

Question 10

Entropy & Biology

Answer 10

Entropy (disorder) tends to increase as energy transformations occur (2nd law)

Question 11

Need to put in constant energy to

Answer 11

Keep life going

Question 12

Metabolism releases

Answer 12

Heat energy

Question 13

Less than 25% of gas in the tank

Answer 13

Actually powers your car

Question 14

Metabolism

Answer 14

The sum total (similar to net) of all chemical reactions in a living organism

Question 15

Anabolic

Answer 15

Putting molecules together, requiring energy input

Question 16

Reactant + free energy =

Answer 16

Products

Question 17

Catabolic

Answer 17

Breaking down molecules, releasing energy

Question 18

Reactant =

Answer 18

Product + free energy

Question 19

ATP

Answer 19

Adenosine triphosphate: The energy form used to support life processes

Question 20

Energy is stored as

Answer 20

Phosphate bonds (unstable, high-energy)

Question 21

ATP (Resuable)

Answer 21

Lose a phosphate group, gain it back, repeat.

Question 22

Energy source: Solar energy

Answer 22

Life depends on the conversion of 1% of the energy released by the sun

Question 23

Exceptions:

Answer 23

Chemosynthetic organisms living around deep sea hydrothermal vents

Question 24

Conversion process is called

Answer 24

Photosynthesis

Question 25

Autotroph (self-feeding)

Answer 25

Sustain themselves without eating or decomposing otther organisms (they make organic molecules from inorganic raw materials) (aka producers)

Question 26

Heterotroph (other-feeding)

Answer 26

Sustain themselves by eating or decomposing other organisms (aka consumers)

Question 27

Many protein are

Answer 27

Enzymes

Question 28

Enzymes

Answer 28

Molecules that catalyze reactions (increase the rate of reaction)

Question 29

An enzyme has an

Answer 29

Active site that matches a particular substrate molecule

Question 30

Regulation

Answer 30

Inhibitors blocks enzyme activity

Question 31

Competitive inhibitor

Answer 31

Directly blocks active site

Question 32

Noncompetitive inhibitor

Answer 32

Does not fill the active site, but changes the active site shape making it unusable

Question 33

Feedback loops: Enzymes are often used to

Answer 33

Regulate metabolic pathways, and they are very sensitive to low substrate concentration