Chapter 13: Animal Diversity and Evolution

Question 1

Animal is

Answer 1

Multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes

Question 2

Animal obtain

Answer 2

Nutrients via feeding, not absorption

Question 3

They probably evolved from

Answer 3

Early motile protistans at least 550-575 million years ago (probably much earlier)

Question 4

Most unique body plans were set up at what time?

Answer 4

The Cambrian explosion has just been modified since.

Question 5

Classification of animals

Answer 5

1) Organization
2) Symmetry
3) Body Cavity
4) Embryotic development

Question 6

Animal organization

Answer 6

1) Cellular
2) Tissue
3) Organ system

Question 7

Animal symmetry

Answer 7

1) Asymmetrical
2) Bilateral
3) Radial

Question 8

Animal body cavity

Answer 8

1) Acoelomate
2) Pseudocoelomate
3) Coelomate

Question 9

Animal embryotic development

Answer 9

1) Protostome
2) Deuterostome

Question 10

Major Phyla: Porifera (sponges)

Answer 10

Cellular, asymmetric or radial, acoelomate and filter feeders

Question 11

Cnidaria (jellyfish, anemones, corals)

Answer 11

Tissue, radial symmetry, gastrovascular cavity

Question 12

Stinging cells and two forms:

Answer 12

Polyp (tentacles up) and medusa (tentacles down)

Question 13

Mollusca (snails, slugs, clams, octopus, squid)

Answer 13

Organ systems, protostomes

Question 14

Mollusca’s soft bodies but typically hard shells are secreted by

Answer 14

The mantle and muscular foot present

Question 15

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Answer 15

Acoelomate, bilateral symmetry and dorsoventral flattening, not all parasitics

Question 16

Annelida (segmented worms, including earthworms and leeches)

Answer 16

True coelom, bilateral symmetry and repeating units (segments) and some

Question 17

Nematoda (roundworms)

Answer 17

Pseudocoelomate, bilateral symmetry and highly successful and widespread; not all parasitic

Question 18

Arthropoda (jointed foot; includes crustaceans, arachnids, insects):

Answer 18

Specialized segments (not just repeating units), bilateral symmetry, exoskeletons (of chitins) = molting, sometimes metamorphosis

Question 19

Hugely successful taxon and highly modified and adapted to

Answer 19

Most habitats

Question 20

Echinodermata (spiny-skins; sea stars, sea urchins)

Answer 20

Exclusively marine, radial symmetry as adults, deuterostomes

Question 21

Echinodermata typically have

Answer 21

Endoskeleton and water vascular system (for internal transport and external movement)

Question 22

Chordata (NOT exclusively vertebrates):

Answer 22

Bilateral symmetry, deuterostomes

Question 23

Chordata must have (at some point)

Answer 23

1) Dorsal nerve cord
2) Notochord
3) Pharyngeal gill slits
4) Post-anal tail

Question 24

Chordates are non-vertebrates

Answer 24

Tunicates and lancelets

Question 25

Vertebrates are including

Answer 25

Fish, jawless (hagfish), and jawed

Question 26

Vertebrates bony

Answer 26

Fish

Question 27

Vertebrates cartilaginous

Answer 27

Sharks, skates and rays

Question 28

Chordates: amphibians:

Answer 28

Frogs, salamanders, newts and tied to water, first partly terrestrial animals

Question 29

Chordates: reptiles:

Answer 29

Lizards, snakes, crocodiles, turtles, and not always associated with water, dry and leathery eggs

Question 30

Chordates: aves:

Answer 30

Feathers present (may be modified) wings but not necessarily flight) thick and eggs

Question 31

Chordates: mammals

Answer 31

Hairy milk producers

Question 32

Monotremes are laying what?

Answer 32

Eggs

Question 33

Marsupials have

Answer 33

Pouches

Question 34

Eutherians have

Answer 34

Placentas