Chapter 14: Population ecology

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

A group of individuals of the same species in the same geographical region

Question 2

Population ecologists

Answer 2

1) Changes in populations
2) Density
3) Age structure
4) Survivorship

Question 3

1) Changes in populations

Answer 3

And their causes

Question 4

2) Density

Answer 4

Number of individuals per unit of space

Question 5

3) Age structure

Answer 5

How much of the population is young/old

Question 6

Survivorship

Answer 6

Longevity/survival probabilities

Question 7

Life tables

Answer 7

Data on how likely an individual is to survive to a future age

Question 8

Mortality

Answer 8

Measure both odds of dying

Question 9

Survivorship 1

Answer 9

Odd of surviving

Question 10

Type 1

Answer 10

High probability of juvenile and adult survival; few offspring require large investment

Question 11

Type 2

Answer 11

Intermediate probability of survival at any age; intermediate number and care of offspring

Question 12

Type 3

Answer 12

Low probability of juvenile survival; many offspring with little/no parental investment

Question 13

Survivorship varies depending on

Answer 13

Life history (How an organism survives and reproduces)

Question 14

R-selected

Answer 14

Opportunistics

Question 15

K-selected

Answer 15

Equilibrial

Question 16

Population changes

Answer 16

Growth can be exponential (unlimited; J-shaped) or logistic (controlled; S-shaped; dependent upon carrying capacity)

Question 17

Population change notes

Answer 17

Growth occurs if births > deaths; decline if deaths > birth

Question 18

Regulation

Answer 18

Two factors control population sizes:
1) Density-dependent factors
2) Density-independent factors

Question 19

Density-dependent factors

Answer 19

Stronger or weaker depending on population density

Question 20

Density-independent factors

Answer 20

Unaffected by population density

Question 21

Applications

Answer 21

Three management are included:
1) Conservation
2) Sustainability
3) Mimimizing invasive (non-native) & Pest species

Question 22

Biological control

Answer 22

Importing natural predators/pathogens

Question 23

Chemical control

Answer 23

Herbicides, insecticides, poisons and more

Question 24

Integrated pest management

Answer 24

Use of multiple control forms, and cultural changes (reduction of monoculture and less emphasis on total pest elimination)

Question 25

Note on Human Populations

Answer 25

Human population growth curve: logistics or exponential?

Question 26

Ecological footprint

Answer 26

Estimate of how much land/water each individual or society requires to maintain their lifestyle

Question 27

Globally, each person should get

Answer 27

2.1 global hectares

Question 28

A decade ago, we each

Answer 28

USED 2.6

Question 29

Use technology to maintain artificially.

Answer 29

Temporary fix and eliminate competition