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ap psych > Chapter 5 Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Consciousness Flashcards

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0
Q

Consciousness

A

Level of awareness about ourselves and our environ

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1
Q

History of studies in conciousness

A

William James very interested in it, but no tools to look at it scientifically so the topic faded until now when there is more tech

  • long argued philosophical debate- dualism vs monismo
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2
Q

Dualism

A

Believes universe consists of thought and matter

  • thought in a way arises from but is still independent of the brain
  • thought is eternal and exists after body dies
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3
Q

Monists

A

Believe thought is not independent of matter. Thought is brains byproduct and dies when body dies

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4
Q

Priming

A

People respond more quickly and accurately to questions they have seen before but don’t remember

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5
Q

Phenomenons that prove different levels of consciousness

A
  • mere exposure effect
  • priming
  • Blind sight
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6
Q

Blind sight

A

Some blind people an still accurately grab objects and follow the path of a moving object. One level of consciousness doesn’t get any visual info while another does

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7
Q

Some levels of consciousness

A
  • conscious
  • non-conscious
  • preconscious
  • subconscious
  • unconscious
  • sleep
  • experts dispute of which levels exist
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8
Q

Nonconscious

A

Body processes controlled by our mind that we are not usually aware of

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9
Q

Subconscious mind

A

Info not consciously aware of but we know exist b/ of priming and the mere exposure effect

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10
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

How our metabolic and thought processes follow a certain unique pattern
- includes our sleep cycle

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11
Q

tool to measure different stages of consciousness

A

EEG detects types of waves given off by brain during different states of consciousness
- also used in sleep studies to see sleep stages

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12
Q

Stages of sleep

A
  • sleep onset
    1) stages 1 and 2
    2) stages 3 and 4
    3) progress back to stage 1- REM
    4) cycle continues, but as we get closer to awakening we spend more time in stages 1 and 2, less in 3 and 4
  • about 90 min going from stage 1 to stage 4 once, 4-7 cycles
  • babies get more rem sleep, aging reduces time needed to sleep and rem
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13
Q

Sleep onset

A
  • stage bw wakefulness and sleep
  • brain makes alpha waves
  • might have mild hallucinations like Falling/rising
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14
Q

Stage 1 and stage 2

A
  • in the beginning of this stage, you may not be asleep but fall asleep by the end of it
  • brain makes theta waves which get slower in frequency and higher in amplitude as these stages progress
  • stage 2- EEG shows short bursts of rapid brain waves
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15
Q

Stages 3 and 4

A

Aka delta sleep

  • the less frequency the waves have, the deeper the sleep and less conscious we are
  • body replenishes it’s chemicals, strengthens immune system, and releases it’s growth hormones(for kids)
  • being deprived of delta sleep makes you more tired and easily sick
  • more exercise, more delta sleep
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16
Q

REM sleep

A

In stage 1, brain has period of intense activity- almost as tho we were awake

  • Rapid Eye Movement and muscles twitch, dreams most likely to occur here esp detailed ones
  • rem deprivation interferes with memory and these ppl will experience more and longer periods of rem the next time they can sleep until whenever they want
  • more stress, more rem
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17
Q

Sleep disorders

A
  • insomnia
  • narcolepsy
  • sleep apnea
  • night terrors
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18
Q

Insomnia

A
  • most common sleep disorder 10%
  • has trouble getting to sleep or staying asleep
  • recommend: no caffeine or stimulants, exercise during the day, maintain good sleep pattern
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19
Q

Narcolepsy

A
  • suffer from random periods of intense sleepiness
  • ppl go straight into rem sleep unpredictably
  • recommend- take regular naps, medication
20
Q

Sleep apnea

A
  • ppl stop breathing for short periods of time in night, wake up to gasp for air, interrupting vital deep sleep
  • overweight men at risk, can be fatal
  • recommend: respiration machine
21
Q

Night terrors

A
  • screaming episode, usly happening to children, during stage 4 sleep, don’t remember it when they wake up
  • related to somnambulism
  • stops as they get older
22
Q

somnambulism

A

Sleep walking

23
Q

Dreams

A
  • storylike images experienced around or in rem sleep
  • hard to study b/ based wholly on self reports
  • freud’s psychoanalytic approach
  • activation synthesis theory
  • information processing theory
24
Q

Freudian theories of dreams

A
  • analyzing dreams allows us to see what’s being repressed in our unconscious
  • we act out our unconscious desires, but in more subtle ways using symbols since the ego is still trying to protect you (protected sleep)
  • dreams made of manifest and latent content
  • theory hard to validate or test, mostly used in pop culture
25
Q

Manifest content

A

Literal content of ones dreams

26
Q

Latent content

A

Unconscious meaning of the manifest content in our dreams

27
Q

Activation synthesis theory

A
  • biological approach to dreaming
  • dreams are just brain’s interpretations of what is happening physiologically during rem sleep, literary part of brain makes up story line explanation for intense brain wave activity
  • split brain patients come up with all sprts of explanations why they are behaving a certain way when it is nothing but a physicooogical cause
28
Q

Information processing theory

A
  • theorize that brain is integrating daily stress and info during rem dreaming into memories,
  • that’s why babies have longer rem sleep b they process so much more info every day
29
Q

Hypnosis effects

A
  • posthypnotic amnesia

- posthypnotic suggestion

30
Q

theories on how hypnosis works

A
  • role theory
  • state theory
  • disassociation theory
31
Q

Posthypnotic amnesia

A

People report forgetting events that occurred while they were hypnotized

32
Q

Posthypnotic suggestion

A

How a person will behave in a certain way the hypnotist suggests after they are brung out of hypnosis

33
Q

Role theory

A
  • hypnosis not a diff state of consciousness
  • people with high hypnotic suggestibility are easier hypnotized
  • ppl in hypnosis are just acting out what is expected for their role
34
Q

Hypnotic suggestibility

A

Part of role theory, series of traits that some ppl have that make them easier to hypnotize

  • richer fantasy lives
  • follow directions well
  • can focus attention for long time
35
Q

State theory

A
  • hypnosis is a different state of consciousness b we become more or less aware of our environ and some ppl report big health benefits
36
Q

Dissociation theory

A
  • hypnosis divides our consciousness voluntarily
  • one part in tune with what is happening while another responds to suggestions of the hypnotist
  • researched by Ernest hilgard
37
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

Chemicals that change nuerotransmitters levels in the brain

  • 4 types- stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and opiates
38
Q

Effects of psychoactive drug after use

A
  • Tolerance causes withdrawal
  • physiological dependence if you need drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms - - - psychological dependence on drug if you need it to feel a certain way
39
Q

Physiological processes when taking a psychoactive drug

A
  • chemicals small enough to pass thru blood brain barrier
  • become either antagonist, agonists, or reuptake inhibitors changing neurotransmitter levels in brain
  • causes alt state of conciousness
  • this and expectations cause change in behavior and cognition
40
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

Thick walls around brain blood vessels That brain uses to protect itself from harmful chemicals
- psychoactive drugs pass thru here

41
Q

Tolerance

A

Physiological change that produces a need for more of the same drug to achieve the same effect
- causes withdrawal

42
Q

Withdrawal

A
  • Unpleasant symptoms caused by tolerance of the brain to a drug
  • plays role in physiological dependence to drugs
43
Q

Stimulants

A
  • Type of psychoactive drug
  • speeds up body processes including automatic nervous system functions, sense of euphoria and confidence
  • tolerance, side effects, withdrawal
  • Ex: cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, meth
44
Q

Depressants

A
  • type of psychoactive drug
  • ex: alcohol, barbiturates, anxiolytics
  • slows down body processes like automatic nervous system
  • sense of euphoria, slows down judgement and reactions
  • tolerance and withdrawal
45
Q

Hallucinogens

A
  • type of psychoactive drugs
  • aka psychedelics
  • ex: peyote, marijuana, LSD
  • sensory hallucinations, identity loss, vivid fantasies
  • drug may remain in body for wks causing reverse tolerance
46
Q

Opiates

A
  • type of psychoactive drug
  • ex: morphine, heroin, codeine, opium
  • act as agonists for endorphins
  • powerful painkillers, euphoria, drowsiness
  • most physically addictive drugs b/ rapidly making tolerance and withdrawal
47
Q

Opium

A

Opiate derived from poppy plant

ap psych (14 decks)

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