Chapter 11 Testing

Question 0

Standardization

Answer 0

Uniform procedures used in administration and scoring of test

Question 1

Francis Galton

Answer 1

Pioneer in intelligence testing, believed intelligence was genetic

Question 2

Test Norms

Answer 2

Where your test score is relative to everyone else’s

Question 3

Psychometrician’s

Answer 3

People who make tests

Question 4

Standardization sample

Answer 4

• group of people a cluster of test questions is being tested on for future examinations
• if everyone got it wrong or everyone got it right, they will not include it next time

Question 5

Reliability

Answer 5

Consistency of the test as a means of measurement

Types

• split half reliability
• test-retest reliability
• equivalent form reliability

Question 6

Split half reliability

Answer 6

• divide test into 2 sections, correlating ppls performance on the 2 halves
• closer correlation is to +1, more reliable it is

Question 7

Equivalent for reliability

Answer 7

Correlation bw performance on diff forms of a test

Question 8

Test retest reliability

Answer 8

Correlation bw persons score on the test the first time they take it with those taken subsequent times after

Question 9

Test validity

Answer 9

• when a test measures what it is supposed to measure

Types

• content
• criterion-related
• construct

Question 10

Content validity

Answer 10

How well an exam reflects the entire range of material it is testing

Type
- face validity

Question 11

Face validity

Answer 11

More obvious form of content validity

Ex: if your testing if you’ll be a good chef, don’t ask dating/relationship questions

Question 12

Criterion related validity

Answer 12

Correlating scores on the test with other established examinations to see if they have similar scores

Concurrent- test scores and criterion measurement made at same time

Predictive- criterion tests in the future; like in the sat test- does getting a good score predict doing good in college?

Question 13

Construct validity

Answer 13

• Scores of trait that test is supposed to assess is compared with scores on tests measuring other closely related skills or traits to see, there should be a correlation.
• scores of trait that test is supposed to assess is compared with scores on tests measuring traits or skills that are not generally clustered or associated with the trait of the first test, should be little correlation. If there is correlation, test is not measuring what it is supposed to measure

Question 14

Types of tests

Answer 14

• aptitude
• achievement
• speed
• power
• group
• individual

Question 15

Aptitude test

Answer 15

• measure potential or ability

- ex: intelligence tests

Question 16

Achievement tests

Answer 16

• Measures what one has learned

Question 17

Intelligence theorists

Answer 17

• Charles spearman
• Howard Gardner
• Daniel goleman
• Robert sternberg

Question 18

Charles spearman

Answer 18

• With factor analysis, thought diff types of intelligence s could be expressed as single factor, g

Question 19

Howard Gardner

Answer 19

• thought there was more multiple intelligences
• linguistic
• logical
• spatial
• musical
• kinesthetic
• interpersonal
• interpersonal
• naturalist

Question 20

Daniel goleman

Answer 20

• Supporter of importance of EQ (emotional quotient) test

- high IQ and EQ needed to succeed

Question 21

Robert sternberg

Answer 21

• triarchic theory of intelligence

- analytic, creative, practical

Question 22

Alfred Binet

Answer 22

• made test designed to see which children in schools needed special attention, were in step with peer group, and were ahead of peers
• used concept of mental age

Question 23

Louis Terman

Answer 23

• used Alfred Binet’s test to create the IQ test (Stanford-Binet IQ)
• assigned all adults chrono age of 20
• mental age over chronological age times 100

Question 24

David wechsler

Answer 24

• made IQ test for adults, children, and preschool/primary kids
• score based on deviation IQ

Question 25

Deviation IQ

Answer 25

• scores standardized so mean is 100, deviation is 15, and scores make normal distribution

Question 26

Normal distribution

Answer 26

• 68% scores within one standard derivation
• 95% scores within 2 standard deviations
• 98 or 99% within 3

Question 27

Test bias

Answer 27

• ppl think its biased and favors white, middle and upper class rather than other minorities that may have not been exposed to some of the vocab on the sat or IQ tests

Question 28

Heritability

Answer 28

• measure of how much of a traits variation is genetic

- from 0-1, closer to one, more genetic

Question 29

Intelligence: Nature or nature

Answer 29

• Since gene pool is stable, Flynn effect suggests nurture
• identical twin’s scores have higher correlations than fraternal twins suggesting nature but identical twins are also treated more similarly than fraternal twins confounding the nature variable
• identical twins seperate day birth have strong correlations of IQ, but some argue they are still placed in similar environments
• racial diff in IQ scores suggest nature, but many argue that the bigger level of poverty for minorities and testing bias is the environ cause for disparity
• gov programs like head start for minority groups correlates with higher scores on intelligence tests

Question 30

Flynn effect

Answer 30

IQ scores have increased over time