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Chapter 12 Disorders Flashcards

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0
Q

What is considered abnormal in psych?

A
  • maladaptive- harmful to the individual
  • disturbing to others
  • unusual symptoms not shared by pop members
  • irrational to avg person

Can be just one of these symptoms to be considered a disorder p

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1
Q

Psychological disorder

A

Abnormal condition manifested in person’s behavior and/or thoughts

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2
Q

Insanity

A

Legal term used in court for people who cannot be held entirely accountable for their actions b of a psych disorder (NGRI- pleading for insanity)

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3
Q

DSM

A

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

  • used by psychologists to diagnose patients for diff disorders
  • etiology not included b there are many opposing views
  • periodically updated- most recent is DSM-5
  • diagnostic labels not always accurate
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4
Q

Etiology

A

Possible Causes of a psych disorder

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5
Q

Main Categories Psych disorders

A
  • anxiety
  • somatoform
  • dissociative
  • mood
  • schizophrenic
  • personality
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6
Q

Anxiety disorders

A
  • Constant feelings Of nervousness and unease
  • phobia
  • generalized anxiety disorder
  • panic disorder
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7
Q

Phobia

A

Intense unwarranted Fear of situation or object

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8
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of open public spaces

- afraid to leave ones home

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9
Q

Social phobia

A

Fear of situation where you public ally embarrass yourself

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10
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Experiences constant low level tension and anxiety

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11
Q

Panic disorder

A

Suffering from intense episodes of extreme anxiety without any apparent provocation, even more anxiety in anticipating next panic attack

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12
Q

Anxiety etiology

A
  • psychoanalytic- result of unresolved conflict bw id ego and superego
  • behavioral- anxiety is learned thru conditioning or cognitive learning
  • cognitive- resulting from unhealthy ways of thinking that create stress
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13
Q

Somatic symptom disorder

A
  • when person manifests psychological problem in a physiological way
  • conversion disorder
  • somatic symptom disorder
  • hypochondriasis
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14
Q

Conversion disorder

A

Report experience of severe physical problem with no biological reason being identified

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15
Q

Hypochondriasis

A
  • somatoform disorder

- complaining frequently about symptoms that doctors are not able to find a cause to

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16
Q

Somatic symptom disorder etiology

A
  • psyhodynamic- outward manifestations of unresolved unconscious conflicts
  • behaviorists- they do it because they are being reinforced by this behavior (avoiding work, seeking attention)
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17
Q

Disassociate disorder

A
  • involve a disruption in concious processes
  • dissociative identity disorder
  • dissociative amnesia
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18
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

When a person can’t remember things are there’s no physiological basis for it

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19
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

Aka multiple personality

  • person with several personalities rather just one integrated one
  • often personalities opposite to each other
  • questioned as a legit disorder, role play with media
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20
Q

Dissociative disorders etiology

A
  • Psychoanalytic- traumatic repressed event results in split in consciousness
  • behavioral- people with trauma don’t find it rewarding to think about or remember it
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21
Q

Mood disorder

A

Extreme or inappropriate emotions

  • major depressive
  • seasonal affective disorder
  • bipolar disorder
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22
Q

Major depressive disorder

A
  • most common mood disorder
  • ppl clinically unhappy for over 2 wks for no clear reason
  • appetite Loss , fatigue, change in sleeping patterns
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23
Q

Seasonal affective disorder

A
  • ppl experience depression only certain times of the year usly winter
  • treated with light therapy
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24
Q

Bipolar disorder

A
  • mood disorder with both depressed and manic states
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25
Q

Manic episode

A
  • high energy, high confidence and power, maybe anxious and irritable, risky poorly thought decisions
26
Q

Depression etiology

A
  • Psychoanalytic- loss during psychosexual stages, harsh superego, anger directed inward
  • behavioral- view mood disorder as bringing about reinforcement of attention and sympathy
  • cognitive- neg views of cognitive triad (Arron beck) or neg Attributional style
  • cognitive behavioral- Martin seligman’s learned helplessness
  • bio- low levels of serotonin, more receptors for acetylcholine, low norepinephrine, runs in families(genetic)
27
Q

Attributions and mood

A
  • depressed ppl make internal, global, and stable attributions when bad things happen
  • depressed ppl make external, specific, and unstable attributions when good things happen
28
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • most sever psych disorder
  • usly in young adulthood
  • distorted thinking manifested in many ways

Symptoms

  • delusions
  • hallucinations
  • clang associations
  • neologisms
  • inappropriate affect
  • Catalonia

Types
- positive and neg

29
Q

Delusions

A

Schizophrenic symptom
- beliefs that have no basis in reality

  • delusion of persecution- belief people are out to get you
  • delusion of grandeur- belief you have great power or influence
30
Q

Hallucinations

A
  • perceptions in the a sense of sensory stimulation

- schizophrenic symptom

31
Q

Neologisms

A
  • schizophrenic symptom

- making up your own words

32
Q

Clang associations

A
  • schizophrenic symptom

- saying a series of nonsense words that rhyme

33
Q

Inappropriate affect

A
  • schizophrenic symptom
  • having extremely unusual emotions or reactions
  • ex: flat affect
34
Q

Flat affect

A
  • schizophrenic symptom

- no emotional response to something emotional happening

35
Q

Catatonia

A

Schizophrenic symptom

  • motor problem, motionless in strange postures for Lon long times, moving jerkily for no reason
  • usly have waxy flexibility
36
Q

Waxy flexibility

A
  • schizophrenic symptom of Catatonia

- allowing body to be moved In any alternate shape and holding new pose

37
Q

Positive schizophrenia

A

Schizophrenia symptoms with excess in behavior thought or mood
Ex: neologisms, hallucinations

38
Q

Negative schizophrenia

A

Schizophrenia symptoms with deficit in behavior thoughts or mood

Ex: flat affect and Catatonia

39
Q

Schizophrenia etiology

A

biological-

  • most common, dopamine hypothesis, - schizophrenics have enlarged brain ventricles and brain asymmetries, _ - - - chance 1 in 2 for identical twin whose twin is schizophrenic , chance 1/100 for rest of us,
  • neg symptoms- genetics, positive symptoms- dopamine abnormalities

Cognitive behavioral- double binds

  • diathesis stress model
40
Q

Dopamine hypothesis

A
  • all antipsychotic drugs result in lower dopamine levels and less disordered thought, can cause Parkinson’s like tardive dyskinesia when given too much
  • Parkinson’s treated with dopamine (I-dopa) that when given excessively causes schizophrenic like thought distortions
41
Q

Double binds

A

Theory of cause of schizophrenia

- when a person is given so many contradictory messages, they develop distorted ways of thinking

42
Q

Diathesis stress model

A
  • widely applied theory on psych disorders
  • environ stressors bring about a biological predisposition for a disorder (helps explain why identical twins don’t suffer from same disorders)
43
Q

Personality disorder

A

Maladaptive ways of behaving that affect ppls ability to function

  • antisocial
  • dependent
  • paranoid
  • narcissistic
  • histrionic
  • obsessive compulsive
44
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A
  • have little regard for others feelings - - view world as hostile
  • many become criminals
45
Q

Dependent personality disorder

A

Rely too much on the attention and help of others

46
Q

Paranoid personality disorder

A

Feel persecuted(not as bad as schizophrenia)

47
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder

A

See oneself as center of the universe Melody

48
Q

Histrionic personality disorder

A

Overly dramatic behavior

49
Q

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder

A

Overly concerned with certain thoughts and performing certain behaviors (not as bad as OCD)

50
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A
  • persistent unwanted thoughts to do an action causes anxiety. engaging in the action reduces anxiety
51
Q

Post traumatic stress disorder

A
  • flashbacks or nightmares following a very troubling event, memories cause anxiety
52
Q

Paraphilia

A

Aka psychosexual disorder

  • sexual attraction to something not usly seen as sexual
  • pedophilia- children
  • zoophilia- animal
  • fetishism- objects
  • voyeur- watching others engage in sexual behavior
  • masochist- having pain inflicted
  • sadist- inflicting pain on others

Mostly men have this

53
Q

Eating disorders

A
  • obesity
  • Anorexia nervosa
  • bulimia

Mostly young women in western cultures

54
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Eating disorder

  • intense fear of food and gaining weight
  • distorted body image, low low weight
55
Q

Bulimia

A

Eating disorder

  • intense fear of food
  • distorted body image
  • eat large quantities of food and then purging it out some how
56
Q

Substance use disorder

A
  • use of substances like alcohol or drugs regularly and negatively affects ones life
57
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders

A
  • ADHD

- autism spectrum disorder

58
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

Neurocognitive disorder

  • deterioration of cognitive abilities, esp memory
  • usly after 65
59
Q

Autism spectrum disorder

A
  • neurodevelopmental disorder
  • seek less social and emotional contact, even from parents
  • hypersensitive to sensory stimulation - intense interest in objects not viewed as interesting
  • engaging in simple repetitive behaviors
60
Q

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

A

Neurodevelopmental disorder

  • difficulty paying attention or sitting still
  • much more common in boys, critics suggest over diagnosis for behaviors typical of this gender
61
Q

David rosenhan

A
  • Did study that showed how badly prevalent of a problem misdiagnosis is of psych disorders
62
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Cognitive behavioral theory on etiology of depression by Martin seligman

  • dog group who was unable to stop electric shocks the first time did not even try to escape shocks the second time b they learned to be helpless
  • ppl can learn to be helpless and not able to improve a situation when something bad happens

ap psych (14 decks)

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