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ap psych > Chapter 10 Personality > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Personality Flashcards

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0
Q

Type a personality

A

More anxious and ambitious, competitive, hardworking, easily angered, more likely to develop cardiac issues

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1
Q

Personality

A

Unique attitudes behaviors and emotions that characterize a person

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2
Q

Type b personality

A

Relaxed and easygoing

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3
Q

Personality- psychoanalytic approach

A
  • Sigmund freud’s psychosexual stages (environ in childhood)
  • id, ego, and superego
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4
Q

Stage theories

A

Theories where development is discontinuous, steps are recognizable diff from each other

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5
Q

Psychosexual stage theory

A

Personality made in early childhood thru the sexual urges in diff stages

  • oral
  • anal
  • phallic
  • latency
  • adult genital
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6
Q

Oral stage

A
  • birth to one year

- sucking and biting gives sexual pleasure

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7
Q

Anal stage

A
  • 1-3 yrs

- sexually pleasure from pooping and peeing

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8
Q

Phallic stage

A
  • 3-5 yrs
  • sexual pleasure from genitalia
  • Oepidus crisis and Electra crisis
  • boys and girls notice physical diff
    (Penis envy and castration anxiety)
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9
Q

Oepidus crisis

A
  • in phallic stage, boys sexually desire mom and view fathers as rivals for mom’s love
  • castration anxiety, use defense mechanism of identification, emulate and attach themselves to fathers
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10
Q

Electra crisis

A
  • in phallic stage, girls sexually desire fathers and view mom as rivals for dad’s love
  • develop penis envy
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11
Q

Penis envy

A

In phallic stage, a girl’s desire for a penis

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12
Q

Castration anxiety

A
  • In phallic stage, boys fear that their father will castrate them if they misbehave or to eliminate them as rivals for mom’s love
  • use defense mechanism of identification
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13
Q

Identification- Oepidus crisis

A

In phallic stage, boys emulate and attach themselves to fathers to protect themselves from castration anxiety

  • prevents boys from fearing fathers
  • encourages boys to break away from motherly attachments and act like men
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14
Q

Latency stage

A
  • 6 yrs to puberty
  • repress sexual feelings out of concious awareness
  • focus on same sex friendships and academic studies
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15
Q

Adult genital stage

A
  • puberty to death

- sexual pleasure from sexual relationships with others

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16
Q

Fixation

A
  • tendency or habit created by being under or over gratified in any psychosexual stage (libido is stuck in the stage)
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17
Q

Oral fixation

A
  • child not fed regularly or overly indulged have tendency to overeat, chew gum, smoking addiction, or other mouth related behavior
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18
Q

Anal fixation

A

Caused by traumatic toilet training

  • anal expulsive personality- messy, disorganized
  • anal retentive- meticulously neat
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19
Q

Phallic fixation

A
  • Very sexually assured and aggressiveness

- feel sexually inadequate

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20
Q

Libido

A

Psychic energy used to keep unconscious thoughts from the conscious mind, directs life instincts(Eros )

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21
Q

Unconscious mind

A

Part of our mind we don’t have access to

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22
Q

Conscious mind

A

Everything we are thinking of at the moment

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23
Q

Precocious

A

Anything we can potentially summon to our unconscious mind with ease

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24
Q

Id

A
  • In the unconscious
  • propelled by pleasure principle
  • babies have only the id

Has

  • psychic energy
  • instincts- Eros and Thanatos
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25
Q

Eros

A

Life instincts in id

- ex: desire for sex

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26
Q

Thanatos

A

Death instincts in id

- ex aggression

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27
Q

Pleasure principle

A
  • id’s driving force

- wants immediate gratification

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28
Q

Ego

A
  • follows reality principle
  • partly in unconscious and conscious
  • comes around age 2 or 3
  • protects conscious mind with defense mechanisms
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29
Q

Reality principle

A

Driving force behind ego

- negotiates bw desires of id and limitations of environ

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30
Q

Superego

A
  • comes around age 5
  • both in conscious and unconscious mind
  • sense of conscience or morality
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31
Q

Defense mechanism

A

Protects conscious mind from threatening thoughts in the unconscious

  • repression
  • denial
  • displacement
  • projection
  • reaction formation
  • regression
  • rationalization
  • intellectualization
  • sublimation
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32
Q

Repression

A

Blocking thoughts from conscious awareness

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33
Q

Denial

A

Not accepting the threatening truth of a situation

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34
Q

Displacement

A

Redirecting ones feelings towards another person or object

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35
Q

Projection

A

Believing the feeling one has towards someone else are actually held by the other person and directed at oneself

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36
Q

Reaction formation

A

Expressing opposite of how you feel

37
Q

Regression

A

Returning to an earlier more comforting behavior

38
Q

Rationalization

A

Coming up with a beneficial result to an undesirable consequence

39
Q

Intellectualization

A

Doing an academic unemotional study of a topic

40
Q

Sublimation

A

Channeling ones frustrations towards a different goal

41
Q

Fruedian personality theory cons

A
  • little empirical evidence
  • any reaction subject has to psychoanalytic theory can be seen as support of it theory
  • overemphasizes importance of early childhood and sex
  • feminists think it objectifies men- penis envy not based on any empirical evidence- suggests womb envy
42
Q

Karen horney

A

Criticizes freud’s penis envy and says men have womb envy

43
Q

Womb envy

A

Jealousy of women’s reproductive capabilities

44
Q

Impact Freudian theory of personality

A
  • More prominent role in the arts (ex Salvador Dali) and modern lang than in actual psychology
45
Q

Psychodynamic personality theory

A
  • carl Jung- collective and personal unconscious

- Alfred Adler- focused on ego, importance of superiority and inferiority

46
Q

Carl Jung

A

Psychodynamic theorist

- unconscious is made of personal and collective unconscious

47
Q

Personal unconscious

A

Made by Carl Jung

- consists of complexes

48
Q

Complexes

A

anxiety- causing memories from the past that are repressed into personal unconscious

49
Q

Collective unconscious

A
  • made by Carl Jung
    Passed down they species, explains similarities we see bw cultures
  • consists of archetypes
50
Q

Archetypes

A

Universal concepts we all share as part of the human species in collective unconscious
Ex shadow is evil

51
Q

Alfred Adler

A
  • Ego psychologist who focused on our fear of inferiority and desire to be superior , how it shapes personality
52
Q

Trait theorists

A
  • believe personality can be described by specifying main characteristics
  • nomotheic approach
  • ideographic theorists
53
Q

Nomothetic approach

A

Trait theorists that believe we can describe ppls personalities with same basic set of traits

  • Hans eyesenck
  • Paul costa and Robert McCrae
  • Raymond Catell
54
Q

Hans eyesenck

A

Nomothetic trait theorist

- classified ppl with an introversion-extroversion scale and stable- unstable scale

55
Q

Raymond Catell

A

Nomothetic trait theorist

- made 16 PF (personality factor) test

56
Q

Paul costa and Robert McCrae

A
  • nomothetic trait theorist
  • classified ppl according to big five traits (ocean)
  • openness to experience.
  • conscientiousness
  • extroversion
  • agreeableness
  • neuroticism
57
Q

Factor analysis

A

Statistical technique used to cluster traits and find main traits

58
Q

Idiographic theorists

A
  • each person’s personality must be seen in terms of what few traits best characterize their unique self
  • Gordon allport
59
Q

Gordon allport

A
  • idiographic trait theorist

- characterized ppl by their cardinal, central, and secondary dispositions

60
Q

Criticism trait theorist

A

Underestimate importance of the situation in personality

61
Q

Biological theory personality

A
  • view genes, chemicals, and body types as central forces in personality
  • little research, growing field
  • babies are born with diff temperaments, thought to influence personality
  • Hippocrates and William Sheldon
62
Q

Heritability

A

Measure of variation of a trait due to genetics

63
Q

Temperaments

A

Emotional way of dealing with the world

64
Q

Hippocrates

A

Personality determined by relative levels of 4 bodily fluids (blood, yellow bike, black bile, and phlegm)
- untrue but the first theory to attribute biological factors to personality

65
Q

William Sheldon

A

somatotypes theory of personality

  • ectomorphs (thin) are shy
  • endomorphs (round) are friendly and outgoing
  • mesomorphs (muscular) are confident and assertive
66
Q

Behavioral theories personality

A
  • personality is nothing more than behavior, determined by reinforcement contingencies
67
Q

Behavioral personality theory criticism

A
  • fails to recognize importance of cognition
68
Q

Socio-cognitive theories personality

A
  • mix of behavioral with a cognitive component
  • bandura
  • George Kelly
  • Julian rotter
69
Q

Bandura personality theory

A
  • Triadic reciprocality/ reciprocal determinism

- highly affected by ppl’s self-efficacy

70
Q

Triadic reciprocality

A

Personality is created by interaction bw environment, behavior, and personality traits. All effect each other in a loop like form

71
Q

Self efficacy

A
  • feelings about one’s ability to get things done right (powerlessness vs optimism)
72
Q

George Kelly

A
  • Personal construct theory
73
Q

Personal construct theory

A
  • people develop their own personal evaluations of how world works, ppls behavior determined by how they evaluate the world
  • based on fundamental postulate
74
Q

Fundamental postulate

A
  • ppl’s behavior is influenced by their cognitions and ppls past behaviors predict future ones
75
Q

Julian rotter

A
  • Made locus of control concept
76
Q

Locus of control

A
  • like bandura’s self efficacy
  • internal locus of control- ppl who feel that they are responsible for what happens to them
  • external locus of control- luck and other outside forces determine destinies (powerlessness)
  • internals are healthier more ppl active and do better academically
77
Q

Humanistic theory personality

A
  • view ppl as innately good
  • ppl able to use free will to determine destiny
  • ppl motivated to self actualization
  • stress self concept and self esteem
  • Abraham Maslow
  • Carl Rogers
78
Q

Self concept

A

Person’s global feeling about him or herself, develops mostly thru parent interaction
- high self concepts have high self esteem

79
Q

Abraham Maslow

A
  • Made hierarchy of needs in which self actualization sits at the top
80
Q

Carl Rogers

A
  • made self theory
81
Q

Self theory

A
  • although ppl are innately good, they need unconditional positive regard to self actualize
82
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

Blanket acceptance usly by parent to children, needed to self actualize acc to Carl Rogers

83
Q

Humanistic theory criticism

A

Overly optimistic, how do ppl do horrible things if they are innately good?

84
Q

Reliability

A

Yielding consistent results

85
Q

Validity

A

Accuracy, actual correctness of results

86
Q

Assessment techniques personality

A
  • projective tests
  • self report inventories
  • radical behaviorists think there is no assessment technique but to observe behavior
  • Barnum effect
87
Q

Projective tests

A

involve asking ppl to interpret ambiguous stimuli

  • Rorschach ink blot test
  • thematic apperception test (TAT)
  • criticism- scoring is hard and based on therapist’s interpretations
  • used by psychoanalysts to reveal unconscious
88
Q

Rorschach ink blot test

A
  • projective test

- showing ppl ink blots, what do you see ?

89
Q

Thematic apperception test (TAT)

A
  • projective tests

- shows picture of ppl in ambiguous situation, what is happening?

90
Q

Self report inventories

A
  • questionnaires asking ppl about themselves
  • used by many types of psychologists
  • paper answer is an objective assessment
  • interview is more subjective and opens the door to interviewer bias in interpretating answers
  • ppl may lie, less reliable
  • Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI-2)
91
Q

Barnum effect

A

Curiosity for ppl to know their future and other info based on personality assessments, very easily deceived, used by fortune tellers, psychics, etc

ap psych (14 decks)

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