Chapter 5 Flashcards
Five types of wellness
Physical wellness includes things like being able to complete everyday tasks
Social wellness has to do with relating to other people
Emotional wellness covers managing stress and expressing feelings
Intellectual wellness deals with growing and learning throughout the life span
Spiritual wellness includes religious beliefs, ethics, values, and more
Psychosocial needs
Needs that involve social interaction, emotions, intellect, and spirituality
What does holistic care involve?
Considering the whole person, and this includes both physical and psychosocial needs
Example of holistic care
A nursing assistant taking time to talk with residents while helping them bathe. The nursing assistant is meeting a physical need by helping them bathe and meeting their psychosocial need for interaction with others.
Need
Something necessary or required
Basic physical needs
Food and water Protection and shelter Activity Sleep and rest Safety Comfort, especially freedom from pain
Psychosocial needs include…
Love and affection Acceptance by others Security Self-reliance and independence in daily living Contact with others Success and self-esteem
Who developed a model to show how physical and psychosocial needs are arranged in order of importance?
Abraham Maslow
List the hierarchy of needs in order
1) physical needs
2) safety and security needs
3) need for love
4) need for self-esteem
5) need for self-actualization
Cultural diversity
The variety of people living and working together in the world
Transcultural nursing
The study of various cultures with the goal of providing care specific to each culture
Cultural competence
An ongoing process of learning about other cultures and applying that knowledge to help provide better health care
List the different types of families
Nuclear families (2 parents, 2 children) Single-parent families Married or committed couples of the same sex or opposite sex, with or without children Extended families Blended families
Ways that families help residents
Providing some care
Helping make decisions
Relating routines and preferences to care team members
Connecting residents to the outside world
Reading mail
Helping to prepare menus
Ways that families help residents
Taking resident’s on walks
Going with residents to activities and outside functions
Helping with personal care
Washing special clothing g at home
Shopping for special items, gifts, or cards
Helping to prepare cards, letters, and gifts
When a resident or family member comes to the nursing assistant with problems or needs she should…
Listen closely and do not interrupt Offer support and encouragement Show that she cares Respond with a meaningful message instead of a cliché Maintain professional boundaries
Religion
A set of beliefs concerning the cause and nature of the universe that often includes a moral code and usually involves specific rituals and practices
Buddhism
A religion that follows the teachings of Buddha
Christianity
A religion that follows the teachings of Jesus Christ
Hinduism
A religion that believed in the unity of everything and that all are a part of God
Islam
A religion that follows the prophet Muhammad and the Five Pillars of Islam
Judaism
A religion that follows the teachings of God as given to Moses in laws and commandments
Spirituality
Of or relating to the concerns of the spirit, the sacred, or the soul
Agnostic
A person who claims that he does not know or cannot know if God exists
Atheist
A person who claims that there is no God
How can a nursing assistant show respect for a resident’s beliefs?
Never making judgements about residents’ beliefs or try to push their own beliefs on residents
Ways to meet residents spiritual needs
Honor dietary restrictions
Report requests to see clergy promptly. Give privacy for clergy visits
Respect all religious items
Allow time and privacy for prayer
Make sure residents who want to go to religious services are ready on time and are helped to the proper site
Report to nurse or social worker if resident needs help finding spiritual resources
Ways to help residents meet their spiritual needs (Don’ts)
Trying to change someone’s religion or beliefs or telling a resident his/her belief or religion is wrong
Expressing judgments about a religious group
Interfering with religious practice
Types of sexuality
Asexual Bisexual Celibate Cross-dresser Gay Heterosexual Lesbian Transgender Transition
How must a nursing assistant treat someone with a different sexuality?
With respect no matter what sexuality
Important points about sexual needs
Humans continue to have sexual needs throughout their lives
Sexual urges do not end due to age or admission to a care facility
Do not assume you know what impact w disability has on sexuality
Ways to help residents with their sexual needs
Knock and wait for permission to enter the resident’s room
Provide privacy if you encounter sexual situations. Do not discuss what you saw
Do not judge sexual choices or orientation
If you witness sexual abuse, remove the resident to a safe place and report to the nurse immediately
Do not view any expression of sexuality by the elderly as disgusting or cute
If a sexual situation is disturbing or inappropriate, ask a nurse for help
Myths about older adults and sexuality
1) Older men are not capable of having sexual relations
2) After menopause older women are not interested in sexual relations
3) Any expression of sexuality of older people is either disgusting or cute
How are growth and development different?
Growth- the physical changes that can be measured
Development- emotional, social, and physical changes that occur
Types of development
Cognitive development: increasing ability to think and learn
Language development: gaining language skills
Moral development: forming a sense of right and wrong
Motor development: gaining the ability to do things like grass things, use scissors,and draw
Physical development: changes that happen to the body during growth
Sexual development: reproductive changes that occur when people reach puberty
Social development: learning to relate with other people
Infancy (birth to 12 months)
Physical development moves from the head down
Learn to grasp, lift their heads, and crawl
Touch is important as a communication tool
Toddler (ages 1 to 3)
Speech improves
Gain coordination of limbs
Important to protect them as they explore the world
Pre-school (ages 3 to 6)
Become more independent
Form social relationships
Sense of imagination develops
School-age (ages 6-10)
Cognitive and social development is important
Begins it develop a conscience, morals, and self-esteem
Preadolescence (ages 10-13)
Views life more realistically
Uses reason or analyze situations
Girls may reach puberty
Adolescence (ages 13-19)
Both genders become sexually mature
May have mood swings
Concerned about acceptance from others
Young adulthood (ages 19-40)
Make decisions about career and education
May meet life partner
May decide to have children
Middle adulthood (ages 40-65)
Usually become more comfortable and stable
May take trips or start a second career
May have a mid-life crisis
Late adulthood (65 years or older)
May retire from jobs
Health problems may limit mobility
Staying connected to others is vital to staying healthy
Stereotype
A biased generalization about a group that is usually based on opinions and distorted ideas
Ageism
Stereotyping of, prejudice toward, and/or discrimination against the elderly
Most older adults are lonely and depressed
False
Elderly people cannot manage their bills and bank accounts
False
Older adults are not interested in sex
False
Aging is a normal process
True
Many older adults continue to learn
True
Most elderly people are grumpy
False
Most elderly people are helpless and cannot do anything by themselves
False
Elderly people are not as intelligent as younger people
False
Most older adults are active and continue to have interests
True
Developmental disability
A chronic condition that restricts physical and/or mental abilities
Important points about developmental disabilities
A developmental disability is a chronic condition
Developmental disabilities restrict physical or mental ability
They may cause difficulty with self-care or ADLs
Types of developmental disabilities a nursing assistant may encounter
Intellectual disability
Cerebral palsy
Autism spectrum disorder
Fragile X syndrome
Guidelines for caring for residents with developmental disabilities
Treat adult residents as adults
Praise and encourage positive behavior
Teach ADLs by dividing tasks into small steps
Repeat words to make sure they are understood
Talk to the resident even if he cannot speak. Use alternate methods of communication as directed.
Guidelines for caring for residents with developmental disabilities
Promote independence while ensuring safety
Prevent falls
Encourage residents to follow special diets
Encourage social interaction
Be patient
