Chapter 20

Question 1

List three functions of the respiratory system

Answer 1

Serve as an air filter, cleaning the inhaled air
Supply oxygen to blood
Remove carbon dioxide from the cells
Produce the sounds associated with speech

Question 2

List six normal changes of the respiratory symptom

Answer 2

Lung strength decrease
Air sacs become less elastic and decrease in number
Airways become stiff and less elastic
Lung capacity decreases
Chest muscles become weaker
Cough reflex becomes less effective and cough becomes weaker
Oxygen in the blood decreases
Decreased lung capacity causes voice to weaken

Question 3

Why might a person with COPD be anxious?

Answer 3

COPD causes difficulty breathing. They may fear suffocation.

Question 4

What is the difference between latent TB infection and TB disease?

Answer 4

Someone with latent TB infection carries the disease but does not show symptoms and cannot infect others
A person with TB disease shows symptoms of the disease and can spread TB to others

Question 5

Why is it important for a resident to take all prescribes medication if he has TB?

Answer 5

If someone doesn’t take TB then they may develop multi-drug resident TB

Question 6

What conditions can require a resident to perform deep breathing exercises?

Answer 6

People with pneumonia
Residents who have had surgery
Other diseases that cause difficulty breathing

Question 7

The process of inhaling and exhaling is referred to as…

Answer 7

Respiration

Question 8

Which of the following is one of the duties of a nursing assistant with regard to oxygen therapy?

Answer 8

The nursing assistant performs skin care on the areas of the face where the oxygen device rests

Question 9

What time of day is best to collect a sputum specimen?

Answer 9

Early morning

Question 10

Alveoli

Answer 10

Tiny, grape-like sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs

Question 11

Asthma

Answer 11

A chronic and episodic inflammatory disease that makes it difficult to breathe and causes coughing and wheezing

Question 12

Bronchi

Answer 12

Branches of the passages of the respiratory system that lead from the trachea into the lungs

Question 13

Bronchiectasis

Answer 13

A condition in which the bronchi become permanently dilated and damaged

Question 14

Bronchitis

Answer 14

An irritation and inflammation of the lining of the bronchi

Question 15

Chest percussion

Answer 15

Clapping the chest to help lungs drain with the force of gravity

Question 16

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 16

A chronic , progressive, and incurable lung disease that causes difficulty breathing

Question 17

Emphysema

Answer 17

A chronic, incurable lung disease in which the alveoli in lungs become filled with trapped air; usually results from smoking and chronic bronchitis

Question 18

Expiration

Answer 18

The process of exhaling air out of the lungs

Question 19

Hemoptysis

Answer 19

The coughing up of blood from the respiratory tract

Question 20

Inspiration

Answer 20

The process of breathing air into the lungs

Question 21

Lungs

Answer 21

Main organs of respiration responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 22

Multidrug-resistant TB

Answer 22

Form of tuberculosis that is caused by an organism that is resistant to medication that is used to treat TB

Question 23

Oxygen therapy

Answer 23

The administration of oxygen to increase the supply of oxygen to the lungs

Question 24

Pneumonia

Answer 24

Acute inflammation in the lung tissue caused by a bacterial, Iraq, or fungal infection or chemical irritants

Question 25

Respiration

Answer 25

The process of inhaling sir into the lungs and exhaling air out of the lungs

Question 26

Sputum

Answer 26

Mucus coughed up from the lungs

Question 27

Trachea

Answer 27

An air passage that goes from the throat to the bronchi; also called windpipe

Question 28

Tuberculosis

Answer 28

A contagious disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is transmitted through the air; usually affects the lungs, but other parts can also be affected, such as the spine, brain, and kidney

Question 29

What is the respiratory system composed of?

Answer 29

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea,bronchi, lungs, alveoli

Question 30

Describe the respiratory process

Answer 30

Air comes in through the nose and moves through the nasal cavity. Little hairs in the nose, called cilia, filter particles such as bacteria, dust, and pollen from the air. The air moves down into the pharynx and then to the larynx. From the larynx the air travels through the trachea, and then it is transferred to the lungs.

Question 31

Symptoms of TB

Answer 31

Prolonged coughing
Coughing of blood
Shortness of breath 
Dyspnea 
Chest pain
Slight fever and chills
Night sweats
Loss of appetite
Weight loss fatigue

Question 32

Compressed oxygen comes in what?

Answer 32

Large cylinders or smaller portable cylinders which do not require electricity

Question 33

Where is liquid oxygen stored?

Answer 33

Special reservoirs, special containers

Question 34

What is a nasal cannula

Answer 34

Two sets of prongs which are placed into the nostrils, and a plastic tube that fits behind the ears. Simplest oxygen delivery device. It is a low-flow oxygen delivery system.

Question 35

What is a simple face mask?

Answer 35

A plastic device that fits over the nose, and is held in place by an elastic band over the head and above the ears.

Question 36

What is an oxygen concentrator?

Answer 36

A device that filters oxygen from normal room air. Generally used with a nasal cannula.

Question 37

Before a nursing assistant takes a sputum specimen she should…

Answer 37

Let the resident rinse their mouth with water, remove excess food, and saliva.

Question 38

What is an incentive spirometer, and what does it do?

Answer 38

A breathing device that encourages the resident to take long, slow, deep breaths. Regular use can help to open up the airway.